Spatial, temporal, and anthropogenic hydraulic and sediment transport regimes effecting river channel changes and habitat structures

影响河道变化和栖息地结构的空间、时间和人为水力和沉积物输送机制

• 批准号: 311972-2011
• 负责人: Annable, William
• 金额: $ 1.38万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=571663
• 关键词: Spatial; temporal; anthropogenic; hydraulic; sediment

Two areas of research will be pursued in urban river hydraulics and eco-hydraulics. Both research directives contribute to growing knowledge in lotic habitat environments and their inherent complexity while simultaneously addressing pertinent questions related to river restoration, urban land use development, and infrastructure renewal. The first research topic is an expansion of a 15 year study examining the quasi-equilibrium characteristics of urban stream channels. On-going bed material sampling (pavement, sub pavement, and bedload) has identified seasonal trends in grain size fraction transport whereby an increased sand fraction in the spring season, hypothesized to be a result of washload derived from winter road sanding operations, has been observed. Little work has been undertaken on the effects of increased sand fractions in gravel-bed streams on channel stability and resulting habitat structure. The purpose of this research initiative is to examine if increased road sanding is contributing to urban channel changes and resulting riparian habitat by examining a series of urban and rural stream reaches in both quasi-equilibrium and disturbed conditions. The second research initiative is the deployment of Acoustic Doppler Velocity meters (ADV's) and Pulse Coherent Acoustic Doppler Profilers (PCADP) (which were funded from a CFI-LOF in 2006) to investigate flow structure in high flow and flood conditions. This research directive is examining the spawning selection preferences of river spawning fish at the redd, riffle and reach scale (averaging 40,000 velocity measurements on a single riffle, for example) based upon fluid properties and regimes. The proposed research initiative is to expand field studies into higher flow regimes towards the nexus between channel forming flows and those which maintain channel morphology and habitat structure. Further research into this field will examine the flow structure and energy losses of in-stream structures used in river restoration projects to improve design success.

将在城市河流水力学和生态水力学方面进行两个领域的研究。这两个研究指导方针有助于增进对热带生境环境及其内在复杂性的了解，同时解决与河流恢复、城市土地利用开发和基础设施更新有关的问题。 第一个研究主题是对一项长达15年的研究的扩展，该研究考察了城市河道的准平衡特征。正在进行的河床材料采样(路面、底路面和泥沙)发现了颗粒组分运输的季节性趋势，由此观察到春季沙粒组分的增加，推测是冬季道路沙化作业产生的洗涤负荷造成的。关于砾石床流中含沙量增加对河道稳定性和由此产生的栖息地结构的影响的研究很少。这项研究的目的是通过研究一系列处于准平衡和扰动条件下的城市和农村河流河段，来检验道路沙化的增加是否有助于城市河道的变化和由此产生的河岸栖息地。 第二项研究是部署声学多普勒测速仪(ADV‘s)和脉冲相干声学多普勒剖面仪(PCADP)(2006年由CFI-LOF资助)，以调查高流量和洪水条件下的流动结构。这项研究指令正在根据流体的性质和状况，在Redd、Riffle和Reach尺度(例如，单个Riffle上平均测量40,000个速度测量)上检查河流产卵鱼的产卵选择偏好。拟议的研究举措是将实地研究扩展到更高的水流状况，以研究河道形成水流与维持河道形态和生境结构的水流之间的联系。对这一领域的进一步研究将考察河流修复工程中使用的河流中建筑物的流动结构和能量损失，以提高设计成功率。