Energy-aware heterogeneous access and sensor networks

最近的研究表明，今天互联网的耗电量大约是一个典型的OECD国家电力供应的0.3%。然而，随着宽带接入在大多数发达国家变得越来越普遍，如果平均接入速率上升到100Mb/S，互联网的电力消耗估计将上升到一个国家全国电力供应的7%以上，这相当于每年几个太瓦时的电力消耗、数百万美元的费用和数吨的碳排放。当前互联网的电力消耗很大程度上由其第一英里接入网络主导。结果表明，在典型的网络场景中，传输和核心网络约占总功耗的30%，而接入网络约占其余70%。 在本研究方案中，我们探索了新的思路来提高基于光纤到户/企业和光纤-无线混合宽带接入网络的以太无源光网络的能效。拟议的研究活动将研究在光网络和无线网络领域帮助节省电力的节能技术和机制的机会。其中，我们研究了光网络单元和无线接入点的协调睡眠调度算法，通过网络编码、代理和选择性多径路由进行数据聚合。为了实现未来以绿色视频为主导的互联网，我们特别关注利用各种视频应用的独特流量特征，例如视频流，来提高FiWi接入网络中的视频传输的带宽效率。虽然以往有关“绿色”通讯网络的大部分工作都集中在减少能源消耗和温室气体排放上，但我们会研究其他高度相关的部门，即电网和交通运输方面，能源效益高的接入网络所扮演的角色。我们探索了利用光纤传感器和无线传感器增强FiWi宽带接入网络的机会，并采用它们将最大的人为二氧化碳排放源-传统电网转变为未来的智能电网。

Recent studies show that the power consumption of today's Internet is around 0.3% of the electricity supply of a typical OECD country. However, as broadband access becomes increasingly commonplace in most developed countries, the power consumption of the Internet is estimated to rise to more than 7% of a country's national electricity supply for an average access rate rising to 100 Mb/s, which translates into a power consumption of several TWh and expenses of millions of dollars and tons of carbon gas emissions per year. The power consumption of the current Internet is largely dominated by its first-mile access networks. It was shown that in a typical network scenario, transport and core networks represent roughly 30% of the total power consumption, while access networks account for the remaining 70%. In this research proposal, we explore new ideas to improve the energy-efficiency of Ethernet passive optical network based fiber-to-the-home/business and hybrid fiber-wireless (FiWi) broadband access networks. The proposed research activities will study the opportunities of power-saving techniques and mechanisms that help save power in both the optical and wireless network domains. Among others, we study coordinated sleep scheduling algorithms for optical network units and wireless access points, data aggregation through network coding, proxying, and selective multipath routing. Toward the realization of a future green video-dominated Internet, we pay particular attention to exploiting the unique traffic characteristics of various types of video applications, e.g., video streaming, to improve the bandwidth-efficient video transport in FiWi access networks. While most of the previous work on "green" communications networks focued on the reduction of their energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, we will study the role of energy-efficient access networks in other highly relevant sectors, namely, electricity grids and transport. We explore the opportunities of enhancing FiWi broadband access networks with fiber optic sensors and wireless sensors and adopt them to convert traditional electric power grids, the largest man-created CO2 emission source, into future smart grids.