Advanced electrochemical capacitors with engineered pseudocapacitive electrodes and novel polymer electrolytes

电化学电容器（EC），也称为超级电容器或超级电容器，是一种在可再生能源中具有重要应用的电化学储能系统。EC具有比传统电池更高的功率密度、更快的充电/放电速率和更长的循环寿命，以及比传统电容器更高的能量密度，可以填补这些技术之间的性能差距。 我们已经在三个领域确定了当前对EC能量存储的迫切需求：a）缺乏高能量密度和高功率密度电极材料; B）缺乏高性能、无腐蚀性、良性和环境友好的电解质;以及c）缺乏允许最小包装重量和体积并实现灵活形状因子的电解质。 拟议的发现补助金的范围是探索高功率和高能量EC设备的新材料系统，以解决这些问题。这些新的材料系统将由新型电极材料化学改性的赝电容和固体聚合物电解质的高性能，高功率和能量密度，易于加工。短期目标是a）开发具有双层和赝电容的电极，和B）开发良好匹配的固体聚合物电解质。长期目标是展示与RuO 2（当前的“黄金标准”）电化学相当的材料系统，并展示具有灵活形状因子的高性能多电池EC设备，以满足实际工业应用的功率和能量目标规格。 沿着的方式，我们将开发一个系统的理解所研究的材料之间的相互作用的机制。从拟议计划中获得的知识不仅对一般EC的开发有价值，而且也适用于其他电化学储能系统（例如燃料电池和电池）。

An electrochemical Capacitor (EC), also known as supercapacitor or ultracapacitor, is an electrochemical energy storage system with important applications in renewable energies. Possessing higher power density, faster charge/discharge rate, and longer cycle life than conventional batteries and higher energy density than conventional capacitors, ECs can fill the performance gap between these technologies. We have identified the current pressing needs for EC energy storage in three areas: a) lack of high energy density and high power density electrode materials; b) lack of high performance, non-corrosive, benign and environmental friendly electrolytes; and c) lack of electrolytes that allow minimal packaging weight and volume and enable flexible form factors. The scope of the proposed Discovery Grant is to explore novel material systems for high power and high energy EC devices to address these concerns. These new material systems will be comprised of novel electrode materials chemically modified for pseudocapacitance and of solid polymer electrolytes for high performance, high power and energy density, and easy processing. The short-term objectives are a) to develop electrodes with both double layer and pseudocapacitance, and b) to develop well-matched solid polymer electrolytes. The long-term goals are to demonstrate a material system that is electrochemically comparable to that of RuO2 (the current "gold standard"), and to demonstrate high performance multi-cell EC devices with a flexible form factor which meet the power and energy target specifications of realistic industrial applications. Along the way, we will develop a systematic understanding of the mechanisms of the interaction between the studied materials. The knowledge gained from the proposed program will not only be valuable for the development of ECs in general, but will also be applicable to other electrochemical energy storage systems (such as fuel cells and batteries).