Devices and procedures to quantify radiation quality effects in radiotherapy

放射治疗的目的是使用放射线来破坏肿瘤细胞，使其死亡（坏死）或无法繁殖（无菌）。为了控制输送给患者的辐射量，已经提出了几个物理或生物量，并且这些物理或生物量是常规使用的。虽然放射治疗中最相关的量可能是细胞死亡的量度，但目前接受的量是水的物理吸收剂量（每单位质量水沉积的能量）。 放射疗法的最新发展导致了复杂的输送系统和放射治疗计划。有时，复杂性是这样的，我们目前接受的剂量测定协议和检测器证明不足以准确地确定吸收剂量。此外，目前的循证放射治疗临床实践没有考虑到放射生物学效应对个体患者治疗计划的细节。 该项目的目标是改进新型输送方法的辐射剂量测定，并最终开发一种基于辐射束的放射生物学有效性进行委托和操作的放射治疗计划解决方案。因此，将优化放射治疗，以根据肿瘤类型/级别/位置和正常组织接近度实现一定的细胞损伤分布。我们正在开发一种绝对剂量计，其特性上级许多当代探测器。此外，我们提出了一种新的方法来测量辐射束质量，间接涉及到细胞损伤和铺平了道路，以生物有效性为基础的治疗计划软件。我们将研究各种现代传递技术，包括粒子治疗对辐射剂量和生物细胞组织损伤的影响。

The goal of radiation therapy is to use radiation to damage tumor cells to an extent that they are either dead (necrotic), or not viable to reproduce (sterile). To control the amount of radiation delivered to the patient, several physical or biological quantities have been suggested and are routinely in use. Although perhaps the most relevant quantity in radiotherapy would be a measure of cell death, the current accepted quantity is physical absorbed dose to water (energy deposited per unit mass of water). Recent novel developments in radiotherapy have resulted in complex delivery systems and radiation treatment plans. At times, the complexity is such that our currently accepted dosimetric protocols and detectors prove insufficient in accurately determining the absorbed dose. Moreover, current evidence-based clinical practice in radiotherapy does not take into consideration the details of radiobiological effects on individual patient treatment plan. The goal of this project is to improve the radiation dosimetry for novel delivery methods and to eventually develop a radiotherapy treatment planning solution that is commissioned and operated based on radiobiological effectiveness of the radiation beam. As such, radiotherapy treatments will be optimized to achieve a certain distribution of cell damage based on tumour type/grade/location and normal tissue proximity. We are developing an absolute dose meter that is superior in characteristics to many of contemporary detectors. Moreover, we suggest a novel approach to measurement of radiation beam quality that indirectly relates to cell damage and paves the way towards a biological effectiveness-based treatment planning software. We will be studying the effects of various modern delivery techniques including particle therapy on radiation dosimetry and biological cell tissue damage.