Optical guidance for safe and effective brain tumor biopsy

脑肿瘤的治疗通常包括开颅手术，以实现最大限度的切除并提供生存好处。 然而，这并不总是最佳的治疗选择，是否继续手术的决定取决于 可疑的肿瘤类型和分级，以及基于增加的可能性的风险/收益评估 位于控制运动和认知功能等区域的病变的永久性神经缺陷。当一个精确的 如果需要在手术前或手术前进行诊断，则需要使用脑针活检来收集组织标本。然而， 标准技术经常导致诊断错误，因为肿瘤样本是在不具有代表性的区域收集的 这种疾病。组织过程中血管破裂引起的出血也可能引起重大并发症。 拔牙。 该项目的目标是开发一种光学技术，通过限制患者的数量来提高患者的安全性 获得准确诊断和避免出血风险所需的样本。集成光学活检术 将开发针头来检测荧光、反射和非弹性散射光谱，这些光谱将用于量化 手术过程中的肿瘤特异性生物标记物。这一信息将被提供给外科医生，让他/她决定 应提取活检标本，以避免误诊。与此同时，漫反射 将开发通过量化血红蛋白吸收的扭曲来检测和定位血管的技术 签名是由于中间组织的衰减造成的。这项新技术不仅将有助于提高患者的安全性，而且 它还将通过减少重复次数等方式减轻加拿大医疗保健系统的经济负担 程序。

Brain tumor treatment often involves open-cranium surgery to achieve maximum resection and provide survival benefits. However this is not always the best treatment option and the decision whether or not to proceed with surgery is informed by the suspected type and grade of the tumor, as well as by the risk/benefit assessment based on the increased likelihood of permanent neurological deficits for lesions located in areas controlling, e.g., motor and cognitive functions. When a precise diagnosis is required prior to or in place of surgery, a brain needle biopsy is used to collect tissue specimens. However, the standard technique often leads to diagnosis errors because of tumor samples being collected in areas not representative of the disease. Major complications can also arise due to hemorrhages caused by rupturing of a blood vessel during tissue extraction. The objective of this project is to develop an optical technique that will improve patient safety by limiting the number of samples required to achieve an accurate diagnosis and by avoiding the risk of hemorrhage. An integrated optical biopsy needle will be developed detecting fluorescence, reflectance and inelastic scattering spectra that will be used to quantify tumor-specific biomarkers during the procedure. This information will be provided to the surgeon allowing him/her to decide where biopsy specimens should be extracted in order to avoid misdiagnosis. Concurrent with this, diffuse reflectance techniques will be developed to detect and localize blood vessels by quantifying the distortion of the hemoglobin absorption signature due to attenuation by intervening tissue. Not only will the new technology contribute to improving patient safety, but it will also reduce the economical burden on the Canadian health care system by, e.g., reducing the number of repeat procedures.