The Investigation of Particulate Respiratory Matter to Inform Guidance for the Safe Distancing of Performers in a COVID-19 Pandemic (PERFORM-2)

对呼吸道颗粒物的调查，为在 COVID-19 大流行期间表演者的安全距离提供指导 (PERFORM-2)

• 批准号: EP/V050516/1
• 负责人: Jonathan Reid
• 金额: $ 55.5万
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FV050516%2F1
• 关键词: Investigation; Particulate; Respiratory; Matter; Inform

Respiratory particles emitted during human exhalatory events by an individual infected with SARS-CoV-2 are known to span a wide size range, from large macroscopic droplets to small aerosol particles. Although these droplets (>5 micrometres diameter) and aerosols (<5 micrometres) are responsible for direct, indirect and airborne modes of viral transmission, the concentrations and fluxes expired during activities such as speaking, singing, playing musical instruments and exercising, are poorly quantified and, in some cases, remain completely unknown. An absence of data, essential to inform assessments of risk in restarting activities, has led to precautionary measures that severely restrict singing, musical performance and sport, across both the amateur and professional domains. Building on preliminary work with a cohort of professional musicians, we will provide a comprehensive analysis of aerosol and droplet emissions from singers covering a broad range of genres, as well as woodwind and brass instruments. Working in an orthopaedic operating theatre, an environment of "zero aerosol" background, we will extend our study to quantify respirable particles exhaled by amateur musicians and individuals undertaking exercise, explore rigorously the distance of large droplet transmission and aerosol flux, focusing on super-emitters, and work with speech and language therapists to understand the risks of aerosol generating procedures used during therapy. In a range of venue types (from a modern auditorium to an historic church), we will measure the dynamics of aerosol dispersion and clearance, informing computational fluid dynamics models of aerosol spread and assessments of exposure risk.

已知SARS-CoV-2感染者在人体呼出事件中释放的呼吸道颗粒大小范围很广，从大的宏观液滴到小的气溶胶颗粒。虽然这些飞沫（直径小于5微米）和气溶胶（直径小于5微米）是导致病毒直接、间接和空气传播方式的原因，但在说话、唱歌、演奏乐器和锻炼等活动中，其浓度和通量的定量很差，在某些情况下，仍然完全未知。由于缺乏对重新开始活动的风险评估至关重要的数据，导致采取预防措施，严重限制了业余和专业领域的唱歌、音乐表演和体育活动。在与一群专业音乐家进行初步工作的基础上，我们将对各种类型的歌手以及木管乐器和铜管乐器的气溶胶和液滴排放进行全面分析。在一个“零气溶胶”背景的骨科手术室工作，我们将扩展我们的研究，量化业余音乐家和个人进行锻炼时呼出的可吸入颗粒，严格探索大飞沫传播和气溶胶通量的距离，重点关注超级排放者，并与言语和语言治疗师合作，了解治疗过程中使用的气溶胶产生程序的风险。在一系列场地类型中（从现代礼堂到历史悠久的教堂），我们将测量气溶胶扩散和清除的动力学，为气溶胶扩散的计算流体动力学模型和暴露风险评估提供信息。

项目成果

Aerosol and droplet generation from performing with woodwind and brass instruments

• DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2021.1947470
• 发表时间: 2021-06-29
• 期刊: AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: McCarthy, Lauren P.;Orton, Christopher M.;Bzdek, Bryan R.
• 通讯作者: Bzdek, Bryan R.

Comparing aerosol number and mass exhalation rates from children and adults during breathing, speaking and singing.

比较呼吸，说话和唱歌期间儿童和成人的气溶胶数量和质量呼气率。

• DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0078
• 发表时间: 2022-04-06
• 期刊: Interface focus
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Archer J;McCarthy LP;Symons HE;Watson NA;Orton CM;Browne WJ;Harrison J;Moseley B;Philip KEJ;Calder JD;Shah PL;Bzdek BR;Costello D;Reid JP
• 通讯作者: Reid JP

A comparison of respiratory particle emission rates at rest and while speaking or exercising.

• DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00103-w
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE
• 作者: Orton, Christopher M.;Symons, Henry E.;Moseley, Benjamin;Archer, Justice;Watson, Natalie A.;Philip, Keir E. J.;Sheikh, Sadiyah;Saccente-Kennedy, Brian;Costello, Declan;Browne, William J.;Calder, James D.;Bzdek, Bryan R.;Hull, James H.;Reid, Jonathan P.;Shah, Pallav L.
• 通讯作者: Shah, Pallav L.

Spatiotemporal droplet dispersion measurements demonstrate face masks reduce risks from singing: results from the COvid aNd FacEmaSkS Study (CONFESS)

时空液滴分散测量表明口罩可降低唱歌风险：COvid 和 FacEmaSkS 研究 (CONFESS) 的结果

• DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.09.21260247
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Ho K

Analytical challenges when sampling and characterising exhaled aerosol

• DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2021.1990207
• 发表时间: 2021-10-07
• 期刊: AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Gregson, Florence K. A.;Sheikh, Sadiyah;Reid, Jonathan P.
• 通讯作者: Reid, Jonathan P.