Development of a mechanically biomcompatible hip replacement implant with Ti-6Al-4V open-cell microlattice architecture

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Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an ordinary surgery that involves the removal and replacement of the damaged hip joint with an artificial femoral head and acetabular cup. Although the operation is generally successful, the service life of existing implants is generally limited to 15 years, after which another surgery is required. It is estimated that by 2030 the demand for primary THA will grow by 174%. Among them, those requiring revision are projected to increase by 137%. Revision surgery presents more complications than a first-time THA. Factors that make the procedure complex include the removal of the failed components, the quality of the existing bone, the reconstruction of bone tissue, and the fixing of the new implant to the bone. Among these, the quality of the bone surrounding the old implant is crucial to the success of a revision surgery. If the remaining bone is unable to provide a mechanical foundation for the new implant, the prosthesis cannot be properly fixed to the bone. The ability to prevent bone resorption in the long term is one major bottle neck of existing THA implants. This research program proposes the development of an innovative THA implant that allows the surrounding bone tissue to remodel in the long term. The implant will impact Canadian health and Canada in a multitude of ways. First, the treatment of patients requiring primary and revision THA surgery will be enhanced. This will dramatically improve their long-term autonomy, health and standard of life. Second, the implant will lower the need of revision surgery, with a drastic drop in health care costs. Third, when THA revision is needed, the implant capacity of preserving the host bone in the long term will make revision surgery as successful as primary THA.