Optimizing drinking water treatment in response to variable source water quality in Calgary, Alberta: integrating source characterization and process design

优化饮用水处理以应对阿尔伯塔省卡尔加里的可变水源水质：整合水源特征和工艺设计

• 批准号: 484588-2015
• 负责人: Emelko, Monica
• 金额: $ 10.85万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=584410
• 关键词: Optimizing; drinking; water; treatment; response

The drinking water for at least 58% of the largest urban communities in Canada and 66% of American water supplies originates from forested watersheds. The health of Canada's forests and the waters they supply is threatened by severe wildfires (which are increasing in part because of climate change) and forest harvesting for fiber or for pre-emptive risk reduction to mitigate the potentially catastrophic effects of disturbances such as wildfires. Some of these pressures may result in increasingly variable and deteriorated water quality that can challenge water treatment processes beyond their capacity, necessitating potentially cost-prohibitive treatment changes to ensure provision of safe drinking water. Threats to drinking water source quality are particularly significant for communities with high quality forested source watersheds, such as those that serve the City of Calgary. They must optimize drinking water treatment by finding an "ideal" balance between active source water protection (SWP) by forest management and treatment technology investments. Here, the water quality impacts of wildfire and forest harvesting on drinking water treatability will be studied. State-of-the-art source water characterization techniques will be used to describe temporal variability of key water quality attributes that drive treatment process design and operation. Key threats to source water quality will be identified, watershed attributes contributing to those threats will be identified, and state-of-the-art water quality characterization and water treatment technologies and/or approaches will be evaluated. This work will contribute essential research, generate technological innovation, and train highly qualified personnel who can effectively apply emerging scientific tools to develop much needed SWP and drinking water treatment strategies, technologies, and policies. Long-term benefits include the provision of strategies for integrating source watershed assessment and protection with treatment design and operations. Improved SWP and treatment approaches reduce the economic cost of water related illnesses, and enable water utility adaptation to the effects of land disturbances and changing climate.

加拿大最大的城市社区中至少58%的饮用水和美国66%的供水来自森林流域。严重的野火（部分由于气候变化而增加）和为获取纤维或先发制人地减少风险以减轻野火等干扰的潜在灾难性影响而采伐森林，威胁着加拿大森林及其供应的水源的健康。其中一些压力可能导致水质日益变化和恶化，使水处理过程面临超出其能力的挑战，需要可能成本过高的处理变化，以确保提供安全饮用水。饮用水源质量受到的威胁对拥有高质量森林水源流域的社区尤其严重，例如那些为卡尔加里市服务的社区。它们必须通过在森林管理的主动水源保护（SWP）和处理技术投资之间找到“理想”平衡来优化饮用水处理。本文将研究野火和森林采伐对饮用水可处理性的水质影响。最先进的水源表征技术将用于描述驱动处理过程设计和操作的关键水质属性的时间变异性。将确定对水源水质的主要威胁，确定造成这些威胁的流域属性，并评估最先进的水质特征和水处理技术和/或方法。这项工作将有助于基础研究，产生技术创新，并培养能够有效应用新兴科学工具制定急需的SWP和饮用水处理战略、技术和政策的高素质人才。长期利益包括提供将源流域评估和保护与处理设计和操作结合起来的战略。改进的SWP和处理方法降低了与水有关的疾病的经济成本，并使水务公司能够适应土地扰动和气候变化的影响。