Physically-based model for the tempering kinetics of medium carbon martensite

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Patriot Forge is a supplier of custom open die and rolled ring forgings for a wide range of industries including power generation, nuclear power, oil & gas and aerospace. A key constituent of steel forgings is the martensite phase. In the as-quenched state martensite offers high strength but low ductility and toughness. In order to restore the toughness of martensite, it is tempered at temperatures in the range from 150-600oC. The strength and ductility of tempered martensite are controlled by the temperature and duration of the tempering treatment as well as the composition of the steel. Patriot Forge utilizes a suite of advanced modelling tools to optimize the forging process and predict the final microstructure and hardness of the forging in the as-quenched state. The above modelling tools can predict the hardness of the as-quenched part, but not the evolution of hardness as a function of tempering conditions. The aim of this work is to develop a software tool which can describe the hardness evolution during tempering under non-isothermal conditions.