Towards a unifying model of Dissolved Organic Matter quality for reactivity and fate in arctic, boreal and temperate aquatic systems

建立北极、北方和温带水生系统反应性和归宿的溶解有机物质量统一模型

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-06537
• 负责人: Schiff, Sherry
• 金额: $ 4.44万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=589074
• 关键词: Towards; unifying; model; Dissolved; Organic

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a critical role in aquatic systems. DOM frequently controls light penetration, temperature, mobility and toxicity of trace metals and organic contaminants, and the acid-base balance in acid sensitive waters. DOM is also an important energy source for bacterial metabolism. DOM in drinking water supplies increases the need for disinfection and chlorination, resulting in production of carcinogenic compounds. Unfortunately, DOM is a complex mixture of thousands of compounds that changes spatially and temporally, even from one dip sample to the next. Recent work has shown that measurements of DOC (dissolved organic carbon) concentrations alone do not adequately reflect the important functions of DOM. Measures of DOM quality are needed. In addition, the ultimate fate of DOM governs the loss of greenhouse gases (CO2) to the atmosphere from freshwater systems. DOM can be either converted to CO2 within the lake or stored in the lake sediments. However, the partitioning of carbon between atmosphere and sediments is also a function of DOM quality. In the past 25 years, our work on carbon cycling has focused on the production and cycling of DOM using novel isotopic approaches. In parallel, we have also been developing new isotopic techniques for nitrogen cycling in forested and agricultural catchments. This proposal continues the development of innovative approaches to carbon and nitrogen cycling. In the next phase, we develop and test a nascent model of DOM that is explicitly linked to DOM reactivity and fate. We will use a combination of field studies of carbon and carbon isotopes in companion with incubation experiments and new analytical techniques for DOM quality to address a) DOC quality and cycling in ground waters, lakes, rivers and streams, b) the sources, quality and disinfection by-product formation potential of urban sources of DOM, and c) the quality and fate of DOM from melting of permafrost in Canada’s north, and d) the effect of DOM quality on the balance between CO2 production and carbon storage in lakes.

溶解有机物（DOM）在水生生态系统中起着重要的作用。 DOM经常控制光穿透、温度、痕量金属和有机污染物的移动性和毒性以及酸敏感性沃茨的酸碱平衡。DOM也是细菌代谢的重要能量来源。 饮用水供应中的DOM增加了消毒和氯化的需要，导致致癌化合物的产生。 不幸的是，DOM是数千种化合物的复杂混合物，这些化合物在空间和时间上都在变化，甚至从一个浸渍样品到下一个。 最近的工作表明，DOC（溶解有机碳）浓度的测量本身并不能充分反映DOM的重要功能。 需要测量DOM质量。 此外，DOM的最终命运决定了温室气体（CO2）从淡水系统向大气的损失。 DOM既可以在湖泊中转化为CO2，也可以储存在湖泊沉积物中。然而，大气和沉积物之间的碳分配也是DOM质量的函数。在过去的25年里，我们在碳循环方面的工作主要集中在使用新的同位素方法来生产和循环DOM。 与此同时，我们也一直在开发新的同位素技术，用于森林和农业集水区的氮循环。该提案继续开发碳和氮循环的创新方法。 在下一阶段，我们开发和测试一个新生的DOM模型，该模型与DOM的反应性和命运明确相关。 我们将结合碳和碳同位素的实地研究，以及培养实验和DOM质量的新分析技术，以解决a）地下沃茨、湖泊、河流和溪流中DOC质量和循环，B）城市DOM来源的来源、质量和消毒副产品形成潜力，以及c）加拿大北部永久冻土融化导致的DOM质量和命运。（4）DOM质量对湖泊CO2产生与碳储量平衡的影响。