Changing carbon sinks in subarctic Canada

加拿大亚北极地区碳汇的变化

• 批准号: 536045-2018
• 负责人: Schiff, Sherry
• 金额: $ 13.03万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Advancing Climate Change Science in Canada
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=699301
• 关键词: Changing; carbon; sinks; subarctic; Canada

In the Anthropocene, human-driven changes to carbon cycles alter global and local climates and hence all aspects of economy and human life. The subarctic is 1/6 of the Canadian land mass but a poorly studied area where human habitation is sparse and rates of resource extraction are increasing. The central and western subarctic is particularly vulnerable to climate change effects (temperature and precipitation) due to extensive permafrost, large stores of carbon, and low annual precipitation. Carbon fluxes to the atmosphere from surface water bodies as greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide and methane) is a balance between carbon sources from terrestrial systems including wetlands and lake/pond margins and carbon stored in sediments. This loss from surface water bodies is large and complicates our ability to quantify the effect of climate change and human activities on this large region. This proposal examines the landscape-scale carbon balance in three areas along a transect from south to north covering conditions of continuous, widespread discontinuous, and sporadic discontinuous permafrost. We use a combination of hydroclimatic information, chemical analysis, highly specialized isotopic techniques, remote sensing, and numerical modelling to improve our quantitative understanding and forecasting of carbon dynamics, greenhouse gas production, carbon stores and the critical carbon balance between long-term storage in sediments (carbon sequestration) and release to the atmosphere (increasing greenhouse gases). We have formed a strong research team including Canadian and international research scientists from universities, territorial and federal governments, students, and Indigenous communities. Research outcomes will inform science-based management and policy decisions and delivery of climate change actions for Canada's north and Canada's obligations for international reporting on greenhouse gas emissions.

在人类世，人类驱动的碳循环变化改变了全球和当地的气候， 经济和人类生活的方方面面。亚北极地区占加拿大陆地面积的1/6，但对该地区的研究却很少 那里人类居住稀少，资源开采率正在增加。中西部 亚北极特别容易受到气候变化的影响（温度和降水）， 永久冻土，大量的碳储存，以及低年降水量。地表向大气的碳通量 水体作为温室气体（二氧化碳和甲烷）是碳源之间的平衡， 陆地系统，包括湿地和湖/池塘边缘以及沉积物中储存的碳。这一损失来自 地表水体很大，使我们量化气候变化和人类活动影响的能力变得复杂。 在这个大区域的活动。该提案审查了沿着a 从南到北的样带覆盖条件为连续、广泛不连续和零星 不连续永久冻土我们结合水文气候信息，化学分析， 专门的同位素技术，遥感和数值模拟，以提高我们的定量 了解和预测碳动态、温室气体产生、碳储存和关键 沉积物中长期储存（固碳）与释放到大气中之间的碳平衡 （增加温室气体）。我们已经形成了一个强大的研究团队，包括加拿大和国际 来自大学、地区和联邦政府、学生和土著的研究科学家 社区.研究成果将为基于科学的管理和政策决定提供信息， 加拿大北部的气候变化行动和加拿大对国际温室气体报告的义务 气体排放。