Response of soil biogeochemistry to freeze-thaw cycles and implications for the soil respiration-climate feedback: A process-oriented experimental approach

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Freeze-thaw cycles represent a major climate forcing acting on soils at middle and high latitudes. Freezing and thawing of soils affect their physical properties, biogeochemical processes, microbial community, and carbon and nutrient budgets. Although research during the last few decades has revealed the large effects freeze-thaw cycles have on greenhouse gas emissions and chemical leaching from soils, the underlying hydrological, physical, geochemical and microbial mechanisms, and their mutual interactions, remain poorly understood. One reason is the paucity of time-series data that capture the relevant transport and reaction processes within the soil system during freeze-thaw cycles. As a consequence, we are currently seriously limited in our ability to predict the response of soil processes to changes in the frequency, magnitude and duration of freeze-thaw events driven by ongoing and future climate change. The central aim of this