Winter carbon losses in wetland ecosystem under current and future climates

当前和未来气候下湿地生态系统的冬季碳损失

• 批准号: 536050-2018
• 负责人: Rezanezhad, Fereidoun
• 金额: $ 8.99万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Advancing Climate Change Science in Canada
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=663268
• 关键词: Winter; carbon; losses; wetland; ecosystem

High latitude cold regions, including Arctic and northern areas of Canada, are warming more than twice as fast**as the rest of the planet, with the greatest warming occurring during the winter. Given that a major process**responsible for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, microbial respiration, increases with warming even at**sub-zero temperatures, winter is a critical period for carbon cycling. Consequently, CO2 emissions during the**non-growing season (NGS; fall, winter, spring) are expected to increase as the climate warms. However, there**is large uncertainty in estimates of current NGS CO2 emissions from cold region ecosystems. Canada's**temperate to subarctic wetlands and permafrost peatlands hold large stores of carbon which are susceptible to**loss under future climate warming scenarios. Therefore, understanding the factors which regulate the processes**controlling greenhouse gas emissions during the NGS is critical for predicting the fate of these vulnerable**carbon stocks and for creating climate adaptation and mitigation strategies. With a focus on these critical**ecosystems, we bring together Canadian leaders from multiple disciplines from across universities with federal**government scientists and policy makers to determine the drivers of NGS carbon cycling, develop**process-based environmental models, and estimate CO2 emissions. In doing so, we will address the knowledge**gaps on NGS emissions to provide data and tools to evaluate the impact of winter warming mitigation in**controlling carbon losses from pan-Canadian wetland ecosystems. Through a combination of historical data**synthesis, laboratory experiments and modelling, the proposed research will focus on 1) determining the**hydrological and climatic factors driving microbial NGS carbon cycling; and 2) integrating the information and**data gained into models describing the underlying processes controlling NGS emissions for incorporation into**the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS). This will advance our ability to track**and predict carbon fluxes in cold regions wetland ecosystems and make improved, evidence-based**recommendations to estimate winter carbon losses and evaluate mitigation strategies.

包括北极和加拿大北方地区在内的高纬度寒冷地区的变暖速度是地球其他地区的两倍多，其中冬季变暖最快。鉴于一个主要的过程 ** 负责二氧化碳（CO2）的排放，微生物呼吸，增加与变暖，即使在 ** 零度以下的温度，冬季是一个关键时期的碳循环。因此，随着气候变暖，** 非生长季节（NGS;秋季，冬季，春季）的CO2排放量预计将增加。然而，** 在对寒冷地区生态系统目前NGS CO2排放量的估计中存在很大的不确定性。加拿大的温带至亚北极湿地和永久冻土泥炭地储存了大量的碳，在未来气候变暖的情况下，这些碳很容易流失。因此，了解NGS期间控制温室气体排放的过程 ** 的调控因素，对于预测这些脆弱 ** 碳储量的命运以及制定气候适应和缓解战略至关重要。以这些关键的生态系统为重点，我们汇集了来自各大学多个学科的加拿大领导人与联邦 ** 政府科学家和政策制定者，以确定NGS碳循环的驱动因素，开发基于过程的环境模型，并估计二氧化碳排放量。在此过程中，我们将解决NGS排放的知识差距，以提供数据和工具来评估冬季变暖缓解对控制泛加拿大湿地生态系统碳损失的影响。通过历史数据 ** 合成、实验室实验和建模相结合，拟议的研究将侧重于1）确定 ** 驱动微生物NGS碳循环的水文和气候因素; 2）将获得的信息和 ** 数据整合到描述控制NGS排放的基本过程的模型中，以纳入 ** 加拿大森林部门碳预算模型（CBM-CFS）。这将提高我们跟踪和预测寒冷地区湿地生态系统碳通量的能力，并提出改进的、基于证据的建议，以估计冬季碳损失和评估减缓战略。