Winter carbon losses in wetland ecosystem under current and future climates

当前和未来气候下湿地生态系统的冬季碳损失

• 批准号: 536050-2018
• 负责人: Rezanezhad, Fereidoun
• 金额: $ 11.77万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Advancing Climate Change Science in Canada
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=699164
• 关键词: Winter; carbon; losses; wetland; ecosystem

High latitude cold regions, including Arctic and northern areas of Canada, are warming more than twice as fast as the rest of the planet, with the greatest warming occurring during the winter. Given that a major process responsible for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, microbial respiration, increases with warming even at sub-zero temperatures, winter is a critical period for carbon cycling. Consequently, CO2 emissions during the non-growing season (NGS; fall, winter, spring) are expected to increase as the climate warms. However, there is large uncertainty in estimates of current NGS CO2 emissions from cold region ecosystems. Canada's temperate to subarctic wetlands and permafrost peatlands hold large stores of carbon which are susceptible to loss under future climate warming scenarios. Therefore, understanding the factors which regulate the processes controlling greenhouse gas emissions during the NGS is critical for predicting the fate of these vulnerable carbon stocks and for creating climate adaptation and mitigation strategies. With a focus on these critical ecosystems, we bring together Canadian leaders from multiple disciplines from across universities with federal government scientists and policy makers to determine the drivers of NGS carbon cycling, develop process-based environmental models, and estimate CO2 emissions. In doing so, we will address the knowledge gaps on NGS emissions to provide data and tools to evaluate the impact of winter warming mitigation in controlling carbon losses from pan-Canadian wetland ecosystems. Through a combination of historical data synthesis, laboratory experiments and modelling, the proposed research will focus on 1) determining the hydrological and climatic factors driving microbial NGS carbon cycling; and 2) integrating the information and data gained into models describing the underlying processes controlling NGS emissions for incorporation into the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS). This will advance our ability to track and predict carbon fluxes in cold regions wetland ecosystems and make improved, evidence-based recommendations to estimate winter carbon losses and evaluate mitigation strategies.

包括北极和加拿大北方地区在内的高纬度寒冷地区变暖的速度是其他地区的两倍多 与地球其他地方一样，最大的变暖发生在冬季。考虑到一个主要的过程 负责二氧化碳（CO2）排放的微生物呼吸，即使在 在零度以下的温度下，冬季是碳循环的关键时期。因此， 随着气候变暖，非生长季节（NGS;秋季、冬季、春季）预计将增加。但 目前对寒冷地区生态系统NGS CO2排放量的估计存在很大的不确定性。加拿大 温带至亚北极湿地和永久冻土泥炭地储存了大量碳，这些碳容易受到气候变化的影响 未来气候变暖情景下的损失。因此，了解调节过程的因素 在NGS期间控制温室气体排放对于预测这些脆弱群体的命运至关重要。 碳储存以及制定气候适应和缓解战略。重点关注这些关键的 生态系统，我们汇集了加拿大领导人从多个学科跨大学与联邦 政府科学家和政策制定者确定NGS碳循环的驱动因素， 基于过程的环境模型，并估计二氧化碳排放量。在这样做的时候，我们将解决知识 NGS排放的差距，以提供数据和工具，以评估冬季变暖缓解的影响 控制泛加拿大湿地生态系统的碳损失。通过结合历史数据 合成，实验室实验和建模，拟议的研究将集中在1）确定 驱动微生物NGS碳循环的水文和气候因素;以及2）整合信息和 将数据纳入描述控制NGS排放的基本过程的模型， 加拿大森林部门碳预算模型（CBM-CFS）。这将提高我们追踪 预测寒区湿地生态系统碳通量，并提出改进的、基于证据的 建议估计冬季碳损失和评估减缓战略。