Advanced Methods to Study Proteome Dynamics at Molecular and Cellular Resolution

质谱技术的进步使得快速绘制简单的蛋白质组（如单细胞生物酵母的蛋白质组）成为可能。 然而，人类蛋白质组更为复杂：两个额外的复杂性水平涉及影响蛋白质功能的翻译后修饰（PTM）阵列以及形成组织和器官的不同细胞类型的存在。 最近的进展使这些水平也可用于蛋白质组学，从而实现新的应用领域，如药物研究。 这一领域已经看到了依赖于复制疾病的特定表型的筛选技术的复兴，这有助于识别新的药物靶家族。 产生特定的疾病表型并不是微不足道的，蛋白质组学可以帮助鉴定表型模型以促进其发展，而且还为药物靶点鉴定提供功能性见解。

Technological advances in mass spectrometry now make it possible to rapidly map simple proteomes such as that of the unicellular organism yeast. The human proteome is more complex, however: two added levels of complexity involve an array of post-translational modifications (PTMs) that affect protein function and the existence of distinct cell types that form tissues and organs. The recent progress makes these levels also accessible to proteomics, enabling new areas of application such as drug research. This field has seen the renaissance of screening techniques that rely on reproducing a particular phenotype of a disease, which helps identify new drug target families. Generating a particular disease phenotype is not trivial, and proteomics can help qualify phenotypic models to facilitate their development, but also provide functional insights for drug target identification.