Neuromuscular Modules in Speech Production: Biomechanics and Simulation

需要降低运动系统的维度，从而减少认知负荷，长期以来被视为运动控制理论的核心挑战。越来越多的神经生理学研究表明，我们的神经系统通过将系统分成神经肌肉模块来处理这个维度问题（见Safavynia第二篇文章分析了唇部生物力学的状态空间以寻找模块；第三篇文章检查了潜在骨骼结构的作用；第四篇文章将叠加作为重叠模块的模型。）这一建议将围绕认知科学中心问题的几个领域联系起来，对语言控制模型具有重大意义，其中周围神经结构和生物力学的细节迄今为止仍未被探索。此外，神经肌肉水平的语言模块化将另一个运动系统带入了神经模块的讨论，并构成了语言运动原语（Ramanarayanan et al. 2013）和最近发现的与语言产生相关的皮层区域（Bouchard et al. 2013）之间潜在的神经肌肉“缺失环节”。

The need to reduce dimensionality of the motor system, and thereby to decrease cognitive load, has long been seen as a central challenge for theories of motor control. A growing body of neurophysiology work suggests that our nervous systems handle this dimensionality problem by chunking the system into neuromuscular modules (see Safavynia the second analyzes the state space of lip biomechanics in search of modules; the third examines the role of the underlying skeletal structure; the fourth considers superposition as a model for overlapping modules.This proposal links several fields surrounding a central question in cognitive science, with dramatic implications for models of speech control, where the details of peripheral neural structures and biomechanics have heretofore remained largely unexplored. Further, modularizing speech at the neuromuscular level brings another motor system into the discussion of neural modules, and constitutes a potential neuromuscular "missing link" between speech movement primitives (Ramanarayanan et al. 2013) and recently discovered cortical regions associated with speech production (Bouchard et al. 2013).