Neuromuscular Modules in Speech Production: Biomechanics and Simulation

长期以来，需要降低运动系统的维度，从而降低认知负荷，一直被视为运动控制理论的核心挑战。越来越多的神经生理学研究表明，我们的神经系统通过将系统分块成神经肌肉模块来处理这个维度问题(参见Safavynia第二章分析嘴唇生物力学的状态空间以寻找模块；第三篇研究潜在骨骼结构的作用；第四篇将叠加视为重叠模块的模型。这一建议将认知科学中的一个中心问题联系在一起，对语言控制模型产生了戏剧性的影响，到目前为止，在语言控制模型中，外围神经结构和生物力学的细节在很大程度上仍未被探索。此外，神经肌肉层面的模块化语音将另一种运动系统带入神经模块的讨论中，并构成了言语运动基元之间潜在的神经肌肉“缺失环节”(Ramanarayanan等人。2013年)，最近发现了与语音产生相关的皮质区域(Bouchard等人。2013)。

The need to reduce dimensionality of the motor system, and thereby to decrease cognitive load, has long been seen as a central challenge for theories of motor control. A growing body of neurophysiology work suggests that our nervous systems handle this dimensionality problem by chunking the system into neuromuscular modules (see Safavynia the second analyzes the state space of lip biomechanics in search of modules; the third examines the role of the underlying skeletal structure; the fourth considers superposition as a model for overlapping modules.This proposal links several fields surrounding a central question in cognitive science, with dramatic implications for models of speech control, where the details of peripheral neural structures and biomechanics have heretofore remained largely unexplored. Further, modularizing speech at the neuromuscular level brings another motor system into the discussion of neural modules, and constitutes a potential neuromuscular "missing link" between speech movement primitives (Ramanarayanan et al. 2013) and recently discovered cortical regions associated with speech production (Bouchard et al. 2013).