On the Foundations and Methods of Quantum Cryptography

论量子密码学的基础和方法

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05385
• 负责人: Salvail, Louis
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=590397
• 关键词: Foundations; Methods; Quantum; Cryptography

This project aims at improving our understanding of the foundations of quantum cryptography, to develop quantum tools allowing for new cryptographic primitives and a better understanding of its limits. The fact that two parties can agree upon a secret key using quantum communication (i.e. quantum key distribution) has first given hopes that the main goals of cryptography: data privacy, data authenticity, and data integrity could be provided information theoretically by quantum mechanics while, as we know, being impossible by classical means alone. Even before the security of quantum key distribution was fully established, researchers have shown that other cryptographic primitives would remain impossible even by all powerful quantum experimentalists. The picture of cryptography in a quantum world is therefore not as unconstrained as one could have first thought. In addition to the realization of classical cryptographic tasks by quantum information processing, quantum cryptography is also interested in providing means by which cryptographic techniques can be applied to quantum systems. Very often, classical primitives have a natural quantum interpretation. For instance, signing documents in order to publicly guarantee their integrity and authenticity has a natural quantum counterpart: signing quantum states. Quantum cryptography is interested in determining under what conditions, if any, these quantum primitives are possible. As an example, although signing documents can be performed securely based upon reasonable computational assumptions, signing quantum states remains impossible in this setting. On the other hand, while electronic money cannot be easily protected against double-spending, quantum money does not have this vulnerability, thanks to the uncertainty principle.

该项目旨在提高我们对量子密码学基础的理解，开发量子工具，允许新的密码学原语并更好地理解其局限性。两方可以使用量子通信（即量子密钥分发）就秘密密钥达成一致的事实首先给人们带来了希望，即密码学的主要目标：数据隐私、数据真实性和数据完整性可以在理论上通过量子力学提供信息，而据我们所知，仅通过经典手段是不可能的。甚至在量子密钥分发的安全性完全建立之前，研究人员就已经表明，即使对于所有强大的量子实验学家来说，其他加密原语仍然是不可能的。因此，量子世界中的密码学图景并不像人们最初想象的那样不受约束。除了通过量子信息处理实现经典密码任务之外，量子密码学还致力于提供将密码技术应用于量子系统的手段。通常，经典基元具有自然的量子解释。例如，签署文件以公开保证其完整性和真实性有一个自然的量子对应物：签署量子态。量子密码学感兴趣的是确定在什么条件下（如果有的话）这些量子原语是可能的。例如，尽管可以基于合理的计算假设安全地执行文档签名，但在这种情况下签名量子态仍然是不可能的。另一方面，虽然电子货币无法轻易防止双重支出，但由于不确定性原理，量子货币不存在这种漏洞。