Molecular insights into the targeting of proteins to the inner nuclear membrane

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Our cells are made up of several constituents including proteins, which we assemble from individual amino acids inside a compartment called cytoplasm. From there, the assembled proteins are targeted to a variety of locations to perform various tasks. One of those compartments is the nucleus, which contain our genetic information and is delimited by a double layered envelope. For proteins reaching the nuclear interior, a variety of signals have been identified and this is known to be mediated by small pores within the nuclear envelopes and a complex machinery involving, among others, proteins called importins. In contrast, the molecular details by which proteins are inserted within the innermost nuclear envelope are nebulous with only one loosely defined targeting signal. Much thus remains to be discovered on this topic.