Cool surface technologies, urban vegetation, and their effects on energy and air quality in Canadian climates

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During the summer, cool roofs reflect most of the incoming sunshine and reduce heat conduction through roofs. Similarly, strategically placed trees, shading windows and walls of a building reduce the direct heat gain. The reduction in summer heat gains reduces the air-conditioning load of a building, improves comfort, saves peak demand electricity, and save money. During the winter, cool roofs and shade trees may add to the heating load of a building, however, the heating energy penalties are fairly small (trees can actually save heating energy bills by shielding a building from cold wind).