Mobile respirometer and swim flume system to study the ecology and evolution of large fishes and schools of fish in the Great Lakes

移动呼吸计和游泳水槽系统，用于研究五大湖大型鱼类和鱼群的生态和进化

• 批准号: RTI-2016-00490
• 负责人: Pitcher, Trevor
• 金额: $ 10.23万
• 依托单位: University of Windsor
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Research Tools and Instruments
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=591462
• 关键词: Mobile; respirometer; swim; flume; system

Energy is the currency of life. It is therefore not surprising that biologists expend significant effort in an attempt to quantify the energetic expenditures of various organisms. Doing so is not an easy task, especially for aquatic animals such as fish. The standard approach for assessing the energetics of fish, called respirometry, is to place them in a respirometer to measure oxygen consumption and derive metabolic rate. Water flows in the respirometer can be manipulated to induce different levels of swimming activity which in its own right is useful for evaluating relationships between organismal locomotory capacity and fitness. Metabolic rates (both standard and maximum) vary extensively among individuals (including across life-stages and sexes), populations, and species and are strongly influenced by environmental factors such as water temperature and dissolved oxygen. Because metabolic rate is sensitive to changes in the environment, respirometry has much utility in evaluating the consequences of various anthropogenic stressors such as climate change, toxic chemicals, and habitat degradation. Respirometers can also be used to calibrate electronic tags (e.g., biologgers or biotelemetry devices) that estimate the field energetics of free-swimming fish. This proposal is for a very large state-of-the-art, custom made and mobile fish respirometer-swim flume (capable of swimming large fish and schools of fish at flow rates comparable to the wild, a system of this sort does not exist anywhere in the Great Lakes Basin) that will enable measurement of fish metabolic rates and swimming performance on any Great Lakes fish. This instrument will support current NSERC, Canada Research Chair and Great Lakes Fishery Commission projects by the proposals PI's (n=9, at 4 universities), and provide new opportunities for collaborative, international research that will train many HQP. Research areas this system will support are varied and include (i) fish movement and field energetic studies, (ii) genetic quality and fitness of fishes, (iii) climate change research, (iv) invasion biology, (v) contaminant stressors on fishes, and (vi) species at risk. Because "Healthy Great Lakes" is a strategic priority research area for the University of Windsor, they have committed $100,000.00 to this RTI.

能量是生命的货币。 因此，生物学家花费大量精力试图量化各种有机体的能量消耗也就不足为奇了。这样做并不是一件容易的事，特别是对于鱼类等水生动物来说。 评估鱼类能量的标准方法称为呼吸测定法，是将它们置于呼吸计中以测量耗氧量并得出代谢率。 可以操纵呼吸计中的水流以诱导不同水平的游泳活动，这本身对于评估生物体运动能力和健身之间的关系是有用的。代谢率（标准和最大值）在个体（包括不同生命阶段和性别）、种群和物种之间差异很大，并受到水温和溶解氧等环境因素的强烈影响。由于代谢率对环境的变化很敏感，呼吸测定法在评估各种人为压力因素（如气候变化、有毒化学品和栖息地退化）的后果方面具有很大的实用性。呼吸计还可以用于校准电子标签（例如，生物记录仪或生物遥测设备），其估计自由游动的鱼的场能量学。该提案是针对一个非常大的最先进的、定制的和移动的鱼类呼吸计-游泳水槽（能够以与野生动物相当的流速游泳大鱼和鱼群，这种系统在五大湖盆地的任何地方都不存在），其将能够测量任何五大湖鱼类的代谢率和游泳性能。该工具将支持目前的NSERC，加拿大研究主席和五大湖渔业委员会项目的建议PI的（n=9，在4所大学），并提供新的机会，合作，国际研究，将培训许多HQP。该系统将支持的研究领域是多种多样的，包括（一）鱼类运动和实地能量研究，（二）遗传质量和鱼类的健身，（三）气候变化研究，（四）入侵生物学，（五）污染物对鱼类的压力，和（六）物种的风险。由于“健康的五大湖”是温莎大学的战略优先研究领域，他们已承诺向该RTI提供10万美元。