Developing high-performance Chinook salmon stocks for use in aquaculture: microbiome, alternative reproductive tactics and cryopreservation

拟议研究的主要目标是(1)通过更好地了解肠道微生物组、生长和肉质遗传标记以及使用雄性替代生殖策略来提高亲鱼的产量和质量，以及(2)建立一种负担得起和可靠的方案，为最佳品系的Chinook鲑鱼(Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha)冷冻保存基因，用于加拿大西海岸的有机鲑鱼水产养殖业。因此，亲鱼和品系不仅必须具有高生长和繁殖性能，而且还必须具有特殊的抗病能力，因为使用治疗药物是不可能的。我们将通过三个主要目标来实现我们的目标：(1)在我们的工业合作伙伴的(黄岛水产养殖有限公司)利用现有的奇努克鲑鱼亲鱼群；为提高亲鱼的繁殖性能，(2)利用分离离合器体外定量遗传育种实验，评估了两种雄性替代繁殖策略的使用情况；(3)开发了一种负担得起、可靠的精子冷冻保存方法，用于存储本研究产生的最佳鲑鱼品系的基因(基因组库)，以及其他正在进行的研究。拟议中的项目不仅将为三文鱼养殖业提供解决方案，还将增加我们对奇努克三文鱼健康相关性状遗传结构的了解。因此，拟议的研究将为学术伙伴提供与加拿大水产养殖业合作的机会，并产生应用科学和基础科学、训练有素的学生和出版物。

The primary objectives of the proposed research are to (1) improve broodstock production and quality via a better understanding of the gut microbiome, growth and flesh quality genetic markers and the use of male alternative reproductive tactics and (2) to create an affordable and reliable protocol to cryopreserve genes for the best lines of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) for use in the Organic Salmon Aquaculture industry on the west coast of Canada. The broodstock and strains must therefore not only have high growth and reproductive performance, they must also have exceptional disease resistance, because theraputant use is not possible. We will address our objectives with 3 broad goals; (1) use the existing broodstock of Chinook salmon at our Industrial partner's (Yellow Island Aquaculture Ltd.; hereafter YIAL) facility to conduct a quantitative genetic based study of the gut microbiome, gut wall transcriptome and a genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) approach to detecting growth and flesh quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to improve broodstock performance, (2) evaluate the use of both male alternative reproductive tactics to improve broodstock production using a split-clutch in-vitro quantitative genetic breeding experiment, and (3) develop an affordable and reliable sperm cryopreservation method to store genes (genome banking) of optimal lines of salmon produced by this research and other ongoing research at our industrial partner's facility. The proposed project will not only provide solutions for the salmon aquaculture industry, it will also increase our knowledge of the genetic architecture of fitness-related traits in Chinook salmon. The proposed research will therefore provide opportunities for the academic partners to collaborate with the Canadian aquaculture industry, as well as generate applied and basic science, highly trained students and publications.******