"Understanding the interactions between climate, forest management and the effects of insect outbreaks on the boreal forest"

“了解气候、森林管理和昆虫爆发对北方森林的影响之间的相互作用”

• 批准号: 249619-2012
• 负责人: Kneeshaw, Daniel
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=594294
• 关键词: Understanding; interactions; between; climate; forest

Climate change and large scale modifications to ecosystem structure due to forest harvesting are influencing natural disturbances such as insect outbreaks. My research program will evaluate the interaction between climate and forest management on past and current insect outbreaks. The spruce budworm (SBW) will receive a particular focus as a new outbreak is beginning in eastern Canada. In the short-term, I will evaluate the silvicultural hypothesis that forest management can reduce (or conversely amplify) the effects of SBW outbreaks by modifying tree species composition. This is a specific case of the general theory of the role of tree diversity in minimising the effects of insect herbivory. Current research also suggests that the effects of insect outbreaks are not only influenced by modifications of stand composition but also by modifications to landscape patterns of openings, young forest and mature forest and by the climate change influenced interactions between forests and outbreaking insects. Specifically, (1) I will evaluate the protective effects of mixed species stands when they are composed of phylogenetically distant trees versus whether there is greater vulnerability due to associational susceptibility or 'spill-over' from more preferred hosts to less preferred hosts such as black spruce. As a second specific objective, (2) I will evaluate the effect of forest management legacies in terms of host configuration on the development of the current and most recent past spruce budworm outbreak. Climatically, the current outbreak is mainly occurring north of where its major impacts have been observed over the last two centuries. Another short term objective (3) will thus be to evaluate how stands with similar compositions but at different geographic locations (i.e. a latitudinal and thus climatic gradient) respond to the SBW. Currently there is evidence that a number of outbreaking insect species have increased their ranges and the severity of forest damage that they've caused in recent times but these may be compensated by reductions in damage by other insect pests. Thus finally (4), I ask whether climate and forestry have amplified outbreaks of major forest insect pests across North America?

气候变化和森林采伐对生态系统结构的大规模修改正在影响自然干扰，如虫害暴发。我的研究计划将评估气候和森林管理之间的相互作用，以应对过去和现在的昆虫暴发。随着加拿大东部新一轮疫情的爆发，云杉潜蝇(SBW)将受到特别关注。在短期内，我将评估森林培育假说，即森林管理可以通过改变树种组成来减少(或相反放大)SBW爆发的影响。这是树木多样性在最小化昆虫食草性影响方面所起作用的一般理论的一个具体例子。目前的研究还表明，昆虫暴发的影响不仅受到林分组成的改变，还受到开口处、幼林和成熟林景观格局的改变，以及气候变化影响森林与暴发昆虫之间的相互作用。具体地说，(1)我将评估当混合树种林分由系统发育上相距较远的树木组成时的保护效果，以及是否存在更大的脆弱性，这是由于联合易感性或从较优先的宿主向较不优先的宿主(如黑云杉)的‘溢出’。作为第二个具体目标，(2)我将评估森林管理遗产在宿主配置方面对当前和最近一次云杉潜蝇暴发的影响。就气候而言，目前的疫情主要发生在过去两个世纪观察到的主要影响的北部。因此，另一个短期目标(3)将是评估成分相似但地理位置不同(即纬度和气候梯度)的林分对SBW的反应。目前，有证据表明，一些暴发的昆虫物种扩大了它们最近造成的森林破坏的范围和严重程度，但这些可能会通过减少其他害虫的损害来弥补。因此，最后(4)，我问气候和林业是否放大了北美主要森林害虫的暴发？