Novel High-Performance Bio-inspired Architectured Materials

新型高性能仿生建筑材料

• 批准号: 342826-2012
• 负责人: Barthelat, Francois
• 金额: $ 2.48万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=595604
• 关键词: Novel; Performance; Bio; inspired; Architectured

Hybrid materials combine at least two components with distinct properties which complement each other and lead to attractive combinations of properties. Hybrid materials are categorized into (i) fiber and particulate composites, (ii) sandwich, (iii) lattice and (iv) segmented hybrids (also called architectured materials). While the first three types of hybrid materials are now reaching technological maturity, architectured materials remains largely underexplored. These unusual materials are made of building blocks of well defined size and shape, arranged in two or three dimensions. Interestingly, natural materials such as bone, teeth and mollusk demonstrate how material architecture can lead to remarkably high structural performance properties despite of weak building blocks. The concept of making materials from building blocks is also particularly well-suited to bottom-up fabrication, sustainability, material repair and multi-functionalities. In this work we will optimize material architectures for stiffness, hardness and toughness, which are properties that are difficult to achieve simultaneously in monolithic materials. Stiffness and hardness will be provided by the building blocks, while toughness will be provided by controlled failure mechanisms at the interfaces. For example, under mechanical stress cracks the building blocks will be designed to slide, rotate, separate or interlock collectively, generating unique deformation and failure mechanisms leading to attractive macroscale properties. The specific objectives of this program are to (i) establish general design guidelines to achieve attractive combinations of stiffness, strength and toughness in architectured materials; (ii) tailor the interfaces between the building blocks so they provide cohesion, toughness and energy dissipation and (iii) explore pathways to cost- and energy-effective fabrication of architectured materials. We will achieve these goals through structural modeling and optimization, interface mechanics, fracture testing and innovative fabrication approaches including self-assembly and laser engraving. This innovative program will involve four PhD students and one Masters student, and is expected to make original scientific contributions to the field of materials science.

混合材料将至少两种具有不同性质的成分结合在一起，这两种成分相辅相成，产生了有吸引力的性质组合。混杂材料分为(I)纤维和颗粒复合材料，(Ii)夹层，(Iii)格子和(Iv)节段杂化(也称为建筑材料)。虽然前三种类型的混合材料现在已经达到技术成熟，但建筑材料在很大程度上仍未得到开发。这些不同寻常的材料是由大小和形状定义良好的积木组成的，以二维或三维的方式排列。有趣的是，骨、牙齿和软体动物等天然材料展示了材料结构如何尽管构建块薄弱，仍能带来极高的结构性能。由积木制造材料的概念也特别适用于自下而上的制造、可持续性、材料修复和多功能。在这项工作中，我们将在硬度、硬度和韧性方面优化材料结构，这些特性在单片材料中很难同时实现。刚性和硬度将由积木提供，而韧性将由界面处的受控破坏机制提供。例如，在机械应力裂缝下，积木将被设计为滑动、旋转、分离或联锁在一起，产生独特的变形和破坏机制，从而产生诱人的宏观性能。该计划的具体目标是：(I)建立通用设计指南，以实现建筑材料的刚性、强度和韧性的有吸引力的组合；(Ii)定制构建块之间的界面，使其具有粘聚力、韧性和能量消耗；以及(Iii)探索以低成本和高能效的方式制造建筑材料。我们将通过结构建模和优化、界面力学、断裂测试和包括自组装和激光雕刻在内的创新制造方法来实现这些目标。这一创新项目将涉及4名博士生和1名硕士生，有望为材料科学领域做出原创性的科学贡献。