Optimizing performance of integrated green roof photovoltaic systems

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Throughout Canada manufacturers and distributers of green roof and photovoltaic (PV) panels compete for installation of projects on industrial, commercial and high-density residential rooftops. These technologies are often viewed as direct competitors as both systems reduce the environmental impact of buildings, albeit through different mechanisms. Consequently, rooftop designs rarely, if ever, apply both technologies. However, when integrated, green roofs systems may improve the performance and lifetime of PV arrays. Reducing the operating temperature of PV panels increases their conversion efficiency. Furthermore, lowering operating temperatures reduces PV panel degradation rates and thus increases their useful lifetime. Green roofs may produce cooler surface temperature than white roofs due to evapotranspirative cooling. This research will conduct outdoor laboratory experiments to study the individual performance of PV panels and green roofs when integrated in a single roof system. The green roof-solar panel system, provided by industrial partners, will be constructed on top of the Daniels Building at the University of Toronto. The system will be monitored over three summer seasons.The energy production of PV panels on green versus white roofs will be assessed. Performance of the integrated system will be monitored, particularly plant growth, evapotranspiration, and stormwater retention, as affected by the characteristics of the integrated system in comparison to a stand-alone green roof system and PV panels mounted on a white roof. Microclimate factors monitored will include wind, temperature, atmospheric pressure, solar radiation, precipitation, and stormwater outflow. Advanced models will be developed to relate performance of the integrated system to climatic variables.