Biopolymer-based nanocomposites from poultry byproducts for packaging applications

近年来，对家禽消费的需求不断增加，导致羽毛、皮肤和器官等副产品供过于求。2010年，加拿大的养鸡户加工了大约23.4亿磅的鸡肉。在加拿大，每年大约有2200万只产蛋母鸡被生产出来。可用肉类的数量仅够处理废弃母鸡的成本。此外，加拿大每年还生产超过1.6亿磅的羽毛。拟议的项目目标是从这些家禽副产品中提取脂类和蛋白质，并利用它们制备用于食品和非食品包装应用的生物纳米复合材料。家禽副产品是脂肪和蛋白质的丰富来源。脂肪提取将通过两种不同的绿色方法进行，微波提取和超临界二氧化碳提取。提取脂肪后剩下的残留物将用盐/溶剂提取法提取蛋白质。提取和纯化的脂类将用于制备生物纳米复合材料，添加食品级抗菌剂，纳米POSS和/或纳米粘土，用于食品包装应用。提取的蛋白质将用于制备用于非食品包装应用的生物纳米复合材料。将对生物材料的防潮、热、机械和其他物理性能以及生物降解性进行评估，以优化最佳包装材料的条件。该项目将提供新的机会，从潜在的废物流中开发产品，以取代使用传统的、化石燃料提取的食品和非食品包装。这些生物材料将减少我们对化石燃料的依赖，减少温室气体排放，并促进向以生物为基础的经济转型。拟议项目的好处和结果对加拿大农业、家禽、食品和塑料行业具有非常重要的意义。该项目将为加拿大先进技术的未来发展和培训高素质的人员，并将使加拿大在利用废物生产先进材料技术方面走在前列。

In recent years, increasing demand for poultry consumption is leading to an oversupply of byproducts such as feathers, skin, and organs. In 2010, Chicken Farmers of Canada processed about 2.34 billion pounds of chicken. In Canada, approximately 22 million spent laying hens are also produced yearly. Amount of usable meat barely covers the cost of handling of spent hens. In addition, more than 160 million pounds of feathers are produced in Canada each year. Proposed project targets to harvest lipids and proteins from these poultry byproducts and utilize them for the preparation of bionanocomposites for food and non-food packaging applications. Poultry byproducts are rich sources of lipids and proteins. Lipid extraction will be carried out by two different green methodologies, microwave extraction, and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. The residue, left after lipid extraction, will be subjected to extract proteins using salt/solvent extractions. The extracted and purified lipids will be used to prepare bionanocomposites, adding food grade antimicrobial agents, nano-POSS and/or nanoclays, for food packaging applications. The extracted proteins will be used to prepare bionanocomposites for non-food packaging applications. The evaluations of biomaterials in terms of moisture resistance, thermal, mechanical, and other physical properties as well as biodegradability will be carried out to optimize conditions for best packaging materials. This project will open new opportunities by developing products from a potential waste stream to replace the use of traditional, fossil fuel derived, food and non-food packaging. These bionanomaterials will reduce our dependency on fossil fuels, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and facilitate transition to a biobased economy. The benefits and outcomes of the proposed project are highly significant to the Canadian agriculture, poultry, food, and plastic industries. The project would result in the development and training of highly qualified personnel for the future of Canadian Advanced Technology and would keep Canada in the forefront of advanced materials production technologies from waste streams.