Structural evolution of electrode materials and mitigation of degradation by mn-trapping in li-ion batteries via complementary characterization methods and mathematical modeling

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The proposed research projects build on our multi-university team's success with regard to developing advanced characterization, diagnostic and modeling strategies for lithium ion battery (LIB) material analysis. Through the Automotive Partnerships Canada (APC) program (2012-2016) we emphasized methods development. In the proposed, new 4-year program, we will employ the findings of our APC program to resolve a series of technical challenges, and associated scientific problems, that our industrial partner, General Motors (GM), has identified as key impediments to the development of new electrified vehicle batteries that can provide increased energy density at a practical cost. These challenges include the need for high capacity positive (cathode) and negative (anode) electrode materials that will enable increased energy density in LIBs that satisfy the United States Department of Energy's energy and energy density targets for next generation EV batteries (350 Wh/kg and 750 Wh/l, respectively) and the need to increase the useful life of all LIBs that contain Mn compounds in their positive electrode materials. Overcoming these challenges requires a fuller understanding of the performance of these LIB materials over time and, therefore, GM vitally needs a detailed characterization of the structural and chemical evolution of battery cell materials upon cycling. GM has pursued a collaboration with our multi-disciplinary team - comprised, as it is, of leaders in the fields of electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance; electrochemistry and mathematical modelling. The objective of the project is to develop a full understanding of the structural changes that occur within the following materials (1) high-energy nickel-managanese-cobalt oxide (HE-NMC) cathode materials; (2) titanium-doped high voltage lithium nickel manganese oxide spinel (LNMO) cathode materials; (3) the mitigation of Mn-poisoning for both of these cathode materials using cation chelating polymers; and (4) Silicon-monoxide (Si-Ox) anode materials. We propose to characterize electrode materials as a function of composition, and cycling conditions, utilizing the set of advanced characterization strategies for which our team has developed an international reputation.