High resolution in situ imaging and inverse modeling of lithium batteries

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This proposal brings together a multi-disciplinary team of researchers to develop novel experimental methods for characterizing transport in lithium ion battery electrolytes, and to model the performance of the electrolytes under a range of conditions that mimic real-world driving conditions. The experimental methodology is analogous to magnetic resonance imaging, as utilized in medical applications, and takes advantage of novel design opportunities by using the electrical leads of the electrochemical cells as both the source of applied potential, and the sensors and receptors for the magnetic resonance experiments. Both lithium and fluorine (common components of the electrolytes), are excellent nuclei for MRI, and therefore the technique will be exquisitely sensitive to both spatial and temporal variation of the concentrations of these components. These properties will be probed under strong applied current (as would occur under acceleration or braking conditions), and under a range of temperatures (-30-+50oC). The measured parameters will be utilized as input to mathematical models that will accurately describe the electrochemical system. Broadly stated, this research program aims to increase the rate of adoption of electric vehicle technology in the mass consumer market. This will only be achieved with increased LIB performance reliability, which relies directly on accurate modeling. Success in this endeavour will mitigate the use of fossil fuels in urban centers, and achieve direct health benefits.