Development of natural products as novel miticides and anti-virulence agents for the treatment of varroa mites and American foulbrood in honeybees

目前，受管理的和自然的生态系统受到蜜蜂数量基本上无法解释的下降的威胁。自2006年以来，北美和欧洲的养蜂人每年失去大约三分之一的蜂群。这些蜂群的损失是史无前例的，并危及蜜蜂作为开花植物的传粉者的供应，这具有强烈的经济和生态影响。这些损失还影响到非耕种植物、良好的土地管家、公众关注的问题，并对养蜂人和依赖蜜蜂授粉的农民产生经济影响。蜂群崩溃障碍指的是蜜蜂蜂群的大量丧失。尽管这一创纪录的死亡原因仍未确定，但这可能是由于蜜蜂受到广泛压力的综合作用。受压力的蜜蜂抵抗普通幼虫的能力降低，成虫疾病和继发感染变得更加严重。寄生螨瓦罗破坏因子和美洲斑潜蝇(American Foulbrood，AFB)等疾病是导致种群死亡的常见因素。

Currently, managed and natural ecosystems are threatened by largely unexplained declines in honeybee populations. Since 2006, North American and European beekeepers have lost about one-third of their colonies every year. These colony losses are unprecedented and have endangered the supply of honeybees as pollinators of flowering plants, which has strong economic and ecological implications. These losses also impact non-cultivated plants, good stewards of the land, public concern, and have economic impact on beekeepers and farmers reliant on bees as pollinators. Colony collapse disorder refers to the massive loss of honeybee colonies. Although the causes of this record mortality remain undetermined, it may be due to a combination of a broad suite of stresses on honeybees. Stressed bees have a reduced capacity to resist common larval and adult diseases and secondary infections become more severe. The parasitic mite Varroa destructor, and diseases like American Foulbrood (AFB), are among the factors frequently associated with colony mortality.