Group 14 Nanomaterials and Nanoengineered Hybrids – Design, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications.

第 14 组纳米材料和纳米工程杂化材料 — 设计、合成、特性和应用。

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-03896
• 负责人: Veinot, Jonathan
• 金额: $ 6.48万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=612640
• 关键词: Group; 14; Nanomaterials; Nanoengineered; Hybrids

Semiconductor nanoparticles, or quantum dots (QDs) were first reported approximately thirty years ago. At that time it was difficult to foresee that they would provide the basis for what has become an important cross-disciplinary research area with far reaching impact in energy production and storage, efficient electronic devices, medical diagnostics, among others. To date, the most widely studied QDs are based upon CdSe; the size dependent properties of these materials are largely understood. Despite the obvious societal benefits afforded by their exquisitely tuneable properties and practical applications, the cytotoxicity of cadmium cannot be ignored and governments are moving to restrict their use. Clearly, the demonstrated utility of QDs and their potential for dramatically impacting many aspects of modern society make them very attractive materials to pursue. In this context, there is a concerted effort to develop non-toxic QDs based upon abundant materials and establish an understanding of the parameters that impact their properties. Silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) are attractive CdSe alternatives – both are semiconductors and Si is the second most abundant element in the earth’s crust. However, their reactivity, electronic structure, and optical response differ substantially from that of CdSe. In fact, it is only recently that convenient methods for preparing SiQDs were developed and preparation of well-defined GeQDs remains elusive. In addition, interfacing these high surface area materials with their surroundings is an important outstanding challenge – the jury is still out on how best to tailor Si and Ge QD surface chemistry. Furthermore, important questions remain related to how and why surface groups influence the properties of these systems. These issues must be addressed if these non-toxic nanomaterials are to realize their full potential and society is to benefit. The present research program targets the development of methods for preparing and tailoring the surface chemistry of Si and Ge QDs. More importantly, we aim to establish a firm understanding of the factors that influence their material properties which will lead to advances in a variety of impactful practical applications (e.g., solar cells, rechargeable batteries, sensors, thermoelectric devices, and imaging agents). With this new insight in hand, advanced nanoengineered hybrids that marry the properties of quantum dots and polymers will be designed, synthesized, and investigated.

半导体纳米粒子或量子点（QDs）大约在30年前首次被报道。当时很难预见，它们将成为一个重要的跨学科研究领域的基础，在能源生产和储存、高效电子设备、医疗诊断等方面产生深远影响。迄今为止，研究最广泛的量子点是基于CdSe的；这些材料与尺寸有关的性质在很大程度上已被了解。尽管镉的精细可调特性和实际应用带来了明显的社会效益，但镉的细胞毒性不容忽视，各国政府正在采取行动限制其使用。