Group 14 Nanomaterials and Nanoengineered Hybrids - Design, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications.

第 14 组纳米材料和纳米工程杂化材料 - 设计、合成、性能和应用。

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-03896
• 负责人: Veinot, Jonathan
• 金额: $ 6.48万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=692373
• 关键词: Group; 14; Nanomaterials; Nanoengineered; Hybrids

Semiconductor nanoparticles, or quantum dots (QDs) were first reported approximately thirty years ago. At that time it was difficult to foresee that they would provide the basis for what has become an important cross-disciplinary research area with far reaching impact in energy production and storage, efficient electronic devices, medical diagnostics, among others. To date, the most widely studied QDs are based upon CdSe; the size dependent properties of these materials are largely understood. Despite the obvious societal benefits afforded by their exquisitely tuneable properties and practical applications, the cytotoxicity of cadmium cannot be ignored and governments are moving to restrict their use.***Clearly, the demonstrated utility of QDs and their potential for dramatically impacting many aspects of modern society make them very attractive materials to pursue. In this context, there is a concerted effort to develop non-toxic QDs based upon abundant materials and establish an understanding of the parameters that impact their properties. Silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) are attractive CdSe alternatives - both are semiconductors and Si is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust. However, their reactivity, electronic structure, and optical response differ substantially from that of CdSe. In fact, it is only recently that convenient methods for preparing SiQDs were developed and preparation of well-defined GeQDs remains elusive. In addition, interfacing these high surface area materials with their surroundings is an important outstanding challenge - the jury is still out on how best to tailor Si and Ge QD surface chemistry. Furthermore, important questions remain related to how and why surface groups influence the properties of these systems. These issues must be addressed if these non-toxic nanomaterials are to realize their full potential and society is to benefit.***The present research program targets the development of methods for preparing and tailoring the surface chemistry of Si and Ge QDs. More importantly, we aim to establish a firm understanding of the factors that influence their material properties which will lead to advances in a variety of impactful practical applications (e.g., solar cells, rechargeable batteries, sensors, thermoelectric devices, and imaging agents). With this new insight in hand, advanced nanoengineered hybrids that marry the properties of quantum dots and polymers will be designed, synthesized, and investigated.**

大约30年前，首先报道了半导体纳米颗粒或量子点（QD）。 当时，很难预见，他们将为已成为重要的跨学科研究领域提供基础，对能源生产和存储，有效的电子设备，医学诊断等影响很大。迄今为止，研究最广泛的QD基于CDSE；这些材料的尺寸依赖性特性在很大程度上被了解。尽管其可调性的特性和实用应用可带来明显的社会利益，但镉的细胞毒性不容忽视，政府正在限制其使用。 在这种情况下，有一致的努力来基于丰富的材料开发无毒QD，并对影响其性质的参数建立理解。 硅（Si）和锗（GE）是有吸引力的CDSE替代品 - 都是半导体，而Si是地壳中第二大元素。但是，它们的反应性，电子结构和光学反应与CDSE的反应性有很大不同。实际上，直到最近才开发出了方便的准备SIQD的方法，而定义明确的GEQD的准备仍然难以捉摸。此外，将这些高表面积材料与周围环境接口是一个重要的挑战 - 陪审团仍在如何量身定制Si和GE QD表面化学方面。此外，重要问题仍然与表面组如何以及为什么影响这些系统的性质有关。如果这些无毒的纳米材料要意识到它们的全部潜力，并且社会将受益。更重要的是，我们旨在建立对影响其材料特性的因素的坚定理解，这将导致各种有影响力的实际应用（例如，太阳能电池，可充电电池，传感器，热电设备和成像代理）的进步。借助这种新的见解，将设计，合成和调查，将与量子点和聚合物的性质结合的高级纳米工程杂种。**