Dynamics of Head Impacts in Ice Hockey

拟议的5年生物力学研究计划涉及一系列综合的现场和实验室研究，以提高我们对曲棍球头部撞击和受伤动态的了解，并利用这些信息为不同年龄段的球员设计更安全的肩垫和挡板。和技能水平。我们的工作涉及关键合作伙伴，并将培养两名博士。学生在科学和工程的产品设计的伤害预防。 根据目标1，我们将为我们的工程设计项目建立一个“实践社区”，由研究人员，教练，球员，家长和曲棍球协会管理人员组成。这些利益攸关方将参与整个项目的设计、执行和传播我们的成果，为我们的努力提供信息并扩大其影响。 根据目标2，我们将与SFU曲棍球队和BC太平洋海岸曲棍球协会的精英（检查）队（13-19岁的球员）合作，使用数字摄像机和可穿戴传感器（安装在头盔和设备上）网络记录比赛和混战中的碰撞。这些数据将被分析，以确定头部加速度的范围，以及初始和边界条件（冲击速度和身体部分配置）涉及的肩-头和头-板碰撞。 在目的3下，我们会进行实验室试验，研究现有及新型垫肩及肩板对头部及肩部撞击的严重程度有何影响。在与人类参与者的实验中，我们将测量身体部分的运动，头部加速度，和冲击力，而参与者提供“舒适”的肩膀检查一个仪表假人，仪表板。我们将使用机械测试台对垫肩和垫板进行冲击测试，模拟曲棍球中头部和肩部冲击的动力学。我们还将开发和利用数学和模型来研究冲击速度，质量和肩垫和板的刚度和阻尼对冲击严重性的理论影响。我们的肩垫设计目标是在肩对头碰撞过程中最大限度地减少对对方球员的头部加速度，同时也为提供检查的球员的肩膀提供可接受的力减少。我们将比较市售的肩垫，以不同的弹性和损耗模量，厚度和表面几何形状的新的硬和软壳设计。我们将重点评估肩垫上的泡沫层对冲击严重性的影响，这些泡沫层可以集成到运动衫中。我们的设计标准是将冲击板和玻璃时头部加速度峰值降至最低，同时允许足够的冰球行程和反弹。我们将比较标准的搅拌板，一个新的董事会设计包含可调刚度元素之间的内部面板和外部支柱和面板。

The proposed 5-year program of biomechanics research involves an integrated series of field and laboratory studies to improve our understanding of the dynamics of head impacts and injuries in hockey, and to use that information to design safer shoulder padding and dasher boards for players at various ages and skill levels. Our work involves key partners, and will train two Ph.D. students in the science and engineering of product design for injury prevention. Under Aim 1, we will establish a “community of practice” for our engineering design projects, consisting of researchers, coaches, players, parents, and hockey association administrators. These stakeholders will participate throughout the project in designing, executing and disseminating our results, to inform and increase the impact of our efforts. Under Aim 2, we will work with the SFU hockey team and elite (checking) teams in the BC Pacific Coast Hockey association (with players aged 13-19) to record collisions in games and scrimmages, using networks of digital video cameras and wearable sensors (mounted on helmets and equipment). These data will be analyzed to identify the range of head accelerations, and initial and boundary conditions (impact velocities and body segment configurations) involved in shoulder-to-head and head-to-board collisions. Under Aim 3, we will conduct laboratory experiments to examine how the severity of impacts to the head and shoulder is affected by current and novel types of shoulder pads and boards. In experiments with human participants, we will measure body segment movements, head accelerations, and impact forces while participants deliver “comfortable” shoulder checks to an instrumented dummy, and to instrumented boards. We will conduct impact testing of shoulder pads and boards with mechanical test rigs that simulate the dynamics of head and shoulder impacts in hockey. We will also develop and utilize mathematical and models to examine the theoretical effect on impact severity of impact velocity, mass, and the stiffness and damping of shoulder pads and boards. Our design goal for shoulder pads is to minimize head accelerations to the opposing player during shoulder-to-head collisions, while also providing acceptable reduction of force to the shoulder of the player who delivers the check. We will compare commercially available shoulder pads to novel hard and soft shell designs of varying elastic and loss modulus, thickness and surface geometry. We will focus on evaluating the effect on impact severity of foam layers over the shoulder pads, that could be integrated into jerseys. Our design criteria for dasher boards and glass is to minimize peak head accelerations during impact to the boards, while allowing for adequate puck travel and rebound. We will compare standard dasher boards to a novel board design containing adjustable stiffness elements between inner facing panels and outer support posts and panels.