Dynamics of Head Impacts in Ice Hockey

冰球中头部撞击的动力学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04065
• 负责人: Robinovitch, Stephen
• 金额: $ 2.48万
• 依托单位: Simon Fraser University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=685229
• 关键词: Dynamics; Head; Impacts; Ice; Hockey

The proposed 5-year program of biomechanics research involves an integrated series of field and laboratory studies to improve our understanding of the dynamics of head impacts and injuries in hockey, and to use that information to design safer shoulder padding and dasher boards for players at various ages and skill levels. Our work involves key partners, and will train two Ph.D. students in the science and engineering of product design for injury prevention.***Under Aim 1, we will establish a "community of practice" for our engineering design projects, consisting of researchers, coaches, players, parents, and hockey association administrators. These stakeholders will participate throughout the project in designing, executing and disseminating our results, to inform and increase the impact of our efforts.***Under Aim 2, we will work with the SFU hockey team and elite (checking) teams in the BC Pacific Coast Hockey association (with players aged 13-19) to record collisions in games and scrimmages, using networks of digital video cameras and wearable sensors (mounted on helmets and equipment). These data will be analyzed to identify the range of head accelerations, and initial and boundary conditions (impact velocities and body segment configurations) involved in shoulder-to-head and head-to-board collisions.***Under Aim 3, we will conduct laboratory experiments to examine how the severity of impacts to the head and shoulder is affected by current and novel types of shoulder pads and boards. In experiments with human participants, we will measure body segment movements, head accelerations, and impact forces while participants deliver "comfortable" shoulder checks to an instrumented dummy, and to instrumented boards. We will conduct impact testing of shoulder pads and boards with mechanical test rigs that simulate the dynamics of head and shoulder impacts in hockey. We will also develop and utilize mathematical and models to examine the theoretical effect on impact severity of impact velocity, mass, and the stiffness and damping of shoulder pads and boards. Our design goal for shoulder pads is to minimize head accelerations to the opposing player during shoulder-to-head collisions, while also providing acceptable reduction of force to the shoulder of the player who delivers the check. We will compare commercially available shoulder pads to novel hard and soft shell designs of varying elastic and loss modulus, thickness and surface geometry. We will focus on evaluating the effect on impact severity of foam layers over the shoulder pads, that could be integrated into jerseys. Our design criteria for dasher boards and glass is to minimize peak head accelerations during impact to the boards, while allowing for adequate puck travel and rebound. We will compare standard dasher boards to a novel board design containing adjustable stiffness elements between inner facing panels and outer support posts and panels.**

生物力学研究的拟议5年计划包括一系列综合的实地和实验室研究，以提高我们对曲棍球头部撞击和受伤的动力学的理解，并利用这些信息为不同年龄和技能水平的球员设计更安全的肩垫和短跑板。我们的工作涉及关键合作伙伴，并将培养两名博士。学生在科学和工程的产品设计，以防止伤害。***根据目标1，我们将为我们的工程设计项目建立一个“实践社区”，由研究人员，教练，球员，家长和曲棍球协会管理人员组成。这些利益攸关方将参与整个项目的设计、执行和传播我们的成果，以宣传我们的努力并扩大其影响。根据目标2，我们将与SFU曲棍球队和BC太平洋海岸曲棍球协会的精英（检查）队（13-19岁的球员）合作，使用数字摄像机和可穿戴传感器（安装在头盔和设备上）网络记录比赛和混战中的碰撞。将对这些数据进行分析，以确定头加速度的范围，以及涉及肩对头碰撞和头对头板碰撞的初始和边界条件（碰撞速度和身体部分配置）。在目的3下，我们会进行实验室试验，研究现有及新型垫肩及肩板对头部及肩部撞击的严重程度有何影响。在与人类参与者的实验中，我们将测量身体部分的运动，头部加速度，和冲击力，而参与者提供“舒适”的肩膀检查一个仪表假人，仪表板。我们将使用模拟曲棍球中头部和肩部冲击动力学的机械试验台对垫肩和板进行冲击试验。我们还将开发和利用数学和模型来研究冲击速度，质量，以及垫肩和垫板的刚度和阻尼。我们的垫肩设计目标是尽量减少头部加速度到对方球员在肩对头碰撞，同时也提供了可接受的减少力量的球员谁提供检查的肩膀。我们将比较市售的肩垫，以不同的弹性和损耗模量，厚度和表面几何形状的新的硬和软壳设计。我们将重点评估垫肩上的泡沫层对冲击强度的影响，这些泡沫层可以集成到球衣中。我们的冲板和玻璃的设计标准是在冲击板时最大限度地减少头部加速度峰值，同时允许足够的冰球旅行和反弹。我们将比较标准的搅拌板和一种新型的板设计，该板设计在内部面板和外部支撑柱和面板之间包含可调节的刚度元件。**