Predictive Simulation and Rendering of Material Appearance Changes Induced by Invisible Light

计算机图形学仍然是计算机科学中最普遍的领域之一，其应用范围从教育和娱乐目的的电影制作到科学和医疗数据的可视化。对现实主义的追求一直是这一领域创新研究发展的动力。为了生成具有高度真实感的图像，需要准确模拟影响材质外观属性(如颜色、光泽度和半透明度)的光和物质交互。 逼真的渲染应用程序主要集中在可见区域，生成的图像通常描绘处于其典型原始状态的材质。但是，真实材质的可见外观属性会发生显著变化，这主要是由于暴露在不可见光线下。例如，影响人类皮肤可见外观的自然过程，如晒黑和雀斑，可以由紫外线诱导，这也可以触发矿物质和叶绿素等人造和自然存在的材料发出可见光(荧光和磷光现象)。 该研究计划的主要目标是通过对暴露在紫外线和红外光下的自然过程进行预测性模拟，提高材料外观建模的最新水平。虽然拟议的工作将立足于计算机图形学领域，但在评价和传播其成果方面将有一个重要的跨学科部分。为了具有预测性和可靠性，光和物质相互作用的模拟需要提供物理上正确的结果。因此，我们将通过与实际测量数据的比较来评估我们的模拟结果。我们还将在网上提供我们的模拟算法和辅助生物物理数据，以使我们的发现能够复制和扩展。 由于暴露在不可见光线下引起的材料外观变化的科学重要性，这一研究计划不仅将对计算机图形学做出相关贡献，而且将对从应用光学到遥感的广泛学科做出贡献。通过将可预测性和可靠性作为其主要指导方针，它将提供可重复的结果，人们可以在此基础上有效地建立，以解决这些学科中的未决问题和影响全球生活质量的实际问题。这类应用的例子包括，但不限于，设计用于自动筛查严重医疗条件的新技术，制定有效的程序以早期发现食品质量问题，以及制定准确的方法来远程评估土壤污染和作物产量。因此，这将使研究人员和广大公众都受益。

Computer graphics remains one of the most pervasive areas of computer science, with applications spanning from the production of movies for educational and entertainment purposes to the visualization of scientific and medical data. The pursuit of realism has been a driving force for innovative research developments in this area. In order to generate images with a high degree of realism, it is necessary to accurately simulate light and matter interactions that affect material appearance attributes such as colour, glossiness and translucency. Realistic rendering applications are largely centered at the visible domain, with the resulting images usually depicting materials in their typical original state. However, real materials are subject to prominent changes in their visible appearance attributes, notably due to exposure to invisible light. For example, natural processes affecting the visible appearance of human skin, such as tanning and freckling, can be induced by ultraviolet light, which can also trigger the emission of visible light (fluorescence and phosphorescence phenomena) by man-made and naturally occurring materials such as minerals and chlorophyll. The main goal of this research program is to advance the state of the art in the modeling of material appearance through the predictive simulation of natural processes triggered by exposure to ultraviolet and infrared light. Although it will be grounded in the computer graphics field, the proposed work will have a substantial interdisciplinary component associated with the evaluation and dissemination of its outcomes. In order to be predictive and reliable, simulations of light and matter interactions need to provide physically correct results. Accordingly, we will evaluate our simulation results through comparisons with actual measured data. We will also make our simulation algorithms and supporting biophysical data available online to enable the reproduction and expansion of our findings. Due to the scientific importance of material appearance changes caused by exposure to invisible light, this research program will lead to relevant contributions not only to computer graphics, but also to a wide range of disciplines, from applied optics to remote sensing. By having predictability and reliability as its main guidelines, it will provide reproducible outcomes that one can build on efficiently in order to tackle open questions in these disciplines and practical problems affecting the quality of life worldwide. Examples of such applications include, but are not limited to, the design of new technologies for the automatic screening of severe medical conditions, the development of effective procedures for the early detection of food quality problems, and the formulation of accurate methods for the remote assessment of soil contamination and crop yield. Hence, it will benefit both researchers and the public at large.