Responsive and cellulose-fibre based adsorbents for water clarification and disinfection

用于水净化和消毒的响应性纤维素纤维吸附剂

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04382
• 负责人: Xiao, Huining
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=615027
• 关键词: Responsive; cellulose; fibre; based; adsorbents

Access to clean water is becoming more challenging due to the pollution from a wide variety of industrial, municipal and agricultural sources, which raises the urgency and need to develop new and alternative technologies for water clarification. Among various technologies for water treatment, using adsorbents is one of the most effective and simplest approaches. However, the work on developing multi-functional (e.g., antimicrobial) and responsive adsorbents is still inadequate. The proposed research aims at developing three types of novel adsorbents based on modified cellulose microfibrils or filaments, nanocapsules and porous polymeric microparticles, which are all associated with green materials - cellulose fibres for innovative water filter systems. The specific sub-projects, to be performed by PhD students, are as follows: 1) Cellulose-fibre based functional absorbent: the functional groups (e.g., carboxyl groups for complexing with heavy metal ions in water) and antimicrobial polymer chains will be grafted on cellulose microfibrils (CMF) and cellulose filaments via proper reactions; and create a novel paper-based filter with long fibres which enable to clarify contaminants in water and deactivate the bacteria entrapped. Moreover, the fibre/inorganic porous filler hybrid adsorbents will be prepared using dissolved cellulose fibres with pore forming agents to facilitate the adsorbent recovery. 2) Responsive or smart nanocapsules: to enhance the performance of cellulose fiber-based absorbents, a range of amphoteric pH-sensitive calixarenes with anionic upper rim and cationic lower rim will be synthesized. Such smart nanocapsules can be well retained with cellulose fibres or used alone for the controllable adsorption/desorption triggered by pH change. 3) Functional polymeric microcapsules or absorbents: to absorb the contaminants with relatively large size, pH-responsive and antimicrobial polymeric microcapsules with tailored pore size and functionality will be prepared via an in-situ free-radical copolymerization using porous calcium carbonate as a template to be removed under appropriate pH, creating the mirrored pore structure of the template. All functional absorbents proposed will be comprehensively characterized for the fundamental understanding of adsorption behaviors, which is of great significance for HQP training. The resulting adsorbents will lead to the value-added products from cellulose fibres and tackle the increasing concern about industrial water contamination and water borne diseases associated with drinking water.

由于各种工业、市政和农业来源的污染，获取清洁水正变得更加困难，这增加了开发用于净水的新的替代技术的紧迫性和必要性。在各种水处理技术中，使用吸附剂是最有效、最简单的方法之一。然而，开发多功能(如抗菌剂)和响应性吸附剂的工作仍然不足。这项研究旨在开发三种类型的新型吸附剂，它们都与绿色材料--用于创新滤水系统的纤维素纤维--相关联。将由博士生执行的具体分项目如下： 1)纤维素纤维功能吸附剂：通过适当的反应，将官能团(如与水中重金属离子络合的羧基)和抗菌聚合物链接枝到纤维素微纤维(CMF)和纤维素丝上；并创建一种新型的纸质长纤维过滤器，使其能够澄清水中的污染物，并杀灭被困细菌。此外，还将利用溶解的纤维素纤维和造孔剂制备纤维/无机多孔填料复合吸附剂，以促进吸附剂的回收。 2)响应型或智能型纳米胶囊：为了提高基于纤维素纤维的吸收剂的性能，将合成一系列具有阴离子上缘和阳离子下缘的两性pH敏感杯芳烃。这种智能纳米胶囊可以很好地与纤维素纤维保持在一起，或者单独用于由pH变化引发的可控吸附/解吸。 3)功能性聚合物微胶囊或吸附剂：为了吸附相对较大尺寸的污染物，将通过原位自由基共聚合，以多孔碳酸钙为模板，在适当的pH下去除，形成模板的镜面孔结构，制备具有定制孔径和功能的pH响应性和抗菌聚合物微胶囊。 将对所提出的所有功能吸附剂进行全面的表征，以便从根本上了解吸附行为，这对HQP培训具有重要意义。由此产生的吸附剂将从纤维素纤维中产生增值产品，并解决人们对工业水污染和与饮用水有关的水媒疾病日益关注的问题。