Developmental trajectories, traumatic injuries and decompositional histories of the juvenile human skeleton

青少年人体骨骼的发育轨迹、创伤和分解历史

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05863
• 负责人: Cardoso, Hugo
• 金额: $ 2.33万
• 依托单位: Simon Fraser University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=615950
• 关键词: Developmental; trajectories; traumatic; injuries; decompositional

Natural history scientists, namely paleontologists, archaeologists and forensic anthropologists, have been reconstructing life-histories, circumstances of death and burial environments from juvenile human skeletal remains for a long time. Morphological assessment of juvenile skeletal remains in modern environments shows that variation in and plasticity of the skeleton may be explained in terms of ecological and neotaphonomic patterns and processes observed in the present to better understand the past. This research program is a first effort to integrate different experimental and theoretical approaches about the juvenile human skeleton that are united under the umbrella of actuopaleontological studies. My long-term objective is to study the interactions between the juvenile human skeeton and its environment, encompassing all ecological processes and responses in life, death and after death. There are two streams: 1) ecological, and 2) taphonomical processes and responses. In the first stream I wish to test the effects of ecological factors on variation in linear and proportional growth of the skeleton, and on variation in the timing of tooth formation. In the second stream, I wish to test the effects of different blunt trauma mechanisms on variation in juvenile cranial fracture patterns, and the differential effects of environmental factors on the sequence and rate of degradation in immature and mature bone. I propose to test hypotheses about the effects of ecological factors on variation in skeletal growth and dental development by comparing groups of individuals that differ in the quality of the biocultural environment for growth, using data from collections of known sex and age juvenile skeletons, and CT-scans and dental x-rays from children. I will test the effects of different trauma mechanism on variation in cranial fracture by documenting the age dependent changes associated with different fracture patterns that result from falls and from blows to the head. I propose an outdoors experimental study comparing the rate of microscopic and macroscopic degradation in immature and mature bone to test the effects of the environment on bone decomposition that are dependent on age. This research will enhance our knowledge about fundamental human biological processes that contribute to the study of juvenile hominid fossils, the impacts of the biocultural environment on child growth throughout the history of humanity and improve our current techniques used for forensic age estimation in children from the skeleton and dentition. This research will also advance our understanding of the uniqueness of human immature bone, compared to mature bone, and how peri-mortem and post-mortem processes influence the variation in morphology of the skeleton that is due to different blunt force trauma dynamics and decompositional processes.

自然史科学家，即古生物学家、考古学家和法医人类学家，长期以来一直致力于从幼年人类骨骼遗骸中重建生活史、死亡情况和埋葬环境。在现代环境中的少年骨骼遗骸的形态评估表明，骨骼的变化和可塑性可以解释在生态和neotaphonomic模式和过程中观察到的现在，以更好地了解过去。这项研究计划是第一次努力整合不同的实验和理论方法的青少年人类骨骼下的实际古生物学研究的保护伞团结。 我的长期目标是研究青少年人类sketon和它的环境之间的相互作用，包括生命，死亡和死后的所有生态过程和反应。有两个流：1）生态的，和2）埋藏过程和响应。在第一个流程中，我希望测试生态因素对骨骼线性和比例生长变化的影响，以及对牙齿形成时间变化的影响。在第二个流程中，我希望测试不同的钝性创伤机制对青少年颅骨骨折模式变化的影响，以及环境因素对未成熟和成熟骨降解顺序和速率的不同影响。 我建议测试假说的生态因素对骨骼生长和牙齿发育的变化的影响，通过比较群体的个人，不同的质量的生物文化环境的增长，使用数据收集已知的性别和年龄的青少年骨骼，CT扫描和牙科X射线从儿童。我将通过记录由福尔斯跌倒和头部打击导致的不同骨折模式的年龄依赖性变化来测试不同创伤机制对颅骨骨折变化的影响。我提出了一个户外实验研究比较未成熟和成熟骨的微观和宏观降解率，以测试环境对骨分解的影响，这取决于年龄。 这项研究将增强我们对人类基本生物学过程的了解，这些生物学过程有助于研究青少年原始人化石，生物文化环境对整个人类历史上儿童生长的影响，并改善我们目前用于儿童骨骼和齿系法医年龄估计的技术。这项研究还将促进我们对人类未成熟骨的独特性的理解，与成熟骨相比，以及围死后和死后过程如何影响骨骼形态的变化，这是由于不同的钝力创伤动力学和分解过程。