Improved catalytic converters for selective catalytic reduction

为了满足严格的政府规定的汽车排放目标和改进的燃料经济性，人们对使用稀燃发动机（柴油、汽油或天然气）非常感兴趣。在这种环境下，排放物的控制，特别是氮氧化物的控制，是具有挑战性的，通常使用选择性催化还原（SCR）来实现。在该反应中，氨被注入废气中，然后与NOx催化反应以产生氮气。已经使用了几种催化剂，但是它们在水的存在下过度失活。正在开发的最新催化剂是基于铜菱沸石。由于其相对较新，没有太多的信息，使计算机模拟的反应堆，这是一个越来越重要的工具，用于开发新的转换器。这项工作的目的是开发使用铜菱沸石催化剂的SCR转换器的改进模型。这包括在代表真实的驾驶循环的瞬态条件下开发用于包括NO和NO2的废气进料的铜菱沸石的动力学模型。该模型应捕捉文献中发表的观察到的效应。这种模型对于催化转化器工业是有益的，因为它将允许催化转化器和催化转化器配置（即，催化剂几何形状、控制系统）通过模拟而不是实验室实验更快速地设计。这将最终帮助汽车行业的排气系统设计，以满足不断严格的政府法规。该项目的成果将是能够更快地开发新车催化转化器的技术。我们的合作伙伴优美科股份公司是全球三大催化转化器制造商之一，在全球范围内拥有广泛的业务。他们在加拿大有制造工厂，在那里他们为北美市场建造。这项技术将使优美科在该领域具有竞争优势，因此将增加加拿大的经济活动。

To meet strict government mandated automotive emission targets and improved fuel economy, there is great interest in the use of lean burn engines, either Diesel, gasoline or natural gas. Control of emissions, especially oxides of nitrogen, is challenging in this environment, and is usually achieved using selective catalytic reduction (SCR). In this reaction, ammonia is injected into the exhaust, which then catalytically reacts with NOX to produce nitrogen. Several catalysts have been used, but they suffer from excessive deactivation in the presence of water. The newest catalyst being exploited is based on copper chabazite. Because of their relative newness, there is not much information available that allows for the computer modelling of the reactor, which is an increasingly important tool used in the development of new converters. The aim of this work is to develop improved models for SCR converters that use copper chapazite catalyst. This includes the development of a kinetic model for copper chabazite for an exhaust gas feed that includes both NO and NO2 under transient conditions representative of real driving cycles. The model should capture the observed effects published in the literature. Such a model is beneficial for the catalytic converter industry, as it would allow for catalytic converters and catalytic converter configurations (i.e., catalyst geometry, control systems) to be designed more rapidly via simulations as opposed to laboratory experiments. This would ultimately assist the automotive industry in their exhaust gas system design to meet the continually more stringent government regulations. The results of this project will be technology that allows for the faster development of catalytic converters for new vehicles. Our partner, Umicore AG, is one of the three main catalytic converter manufacturers in the world, with extensive worldwide operations. They have manufacturing facilities in Canada where they build for the North American market. This technology will give Umicore a competitive advantage in the field, and as a result should yield increased economic activity in Canada.