Advanced Catalytic Systems for Environmental Applications

用于环境应用的先进催化系统

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-03914
• 负责人: Hayes, Robert
• 金额: $ 2.84万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=737246
• 关键词: Advanced; Catalytic; Systems; Environmental; Applications

Catalysis is ubiquitous in all aspects of daily life. Indeed, without catalysis, life on earth as we know it would not be possible, and the development of the catalyst that allowed the synthesis of ammonia is one of the great turning points in history. In recent times, we are plagued with many environmental problems, including global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. In a drive to reduce GHG from the transportation sector, there has been a lot of focus on using natural gas as a fuel, which is currently abundant and cheap, and has the added advantage of producing few particulates. It produces the least amount of GHG per energy unit produced, compared to other hydrocarbon fuels. however, the natural gas engine, like all others, does not burn 100% of the fuel, and therefore significant amounts of methane can be present in the exhaust stream. If these are emitted to the atmosphere, much of the GHG benefit of using methane as a fuel would be lost. Since 2016 methane has been a controlled emission, and the only way to destroy it is through the use of a catalytic converter. Unfortunately, methane is the most difficult hydrocarbon to combust catalytically, and normally requires a high temperature. The best catalysts available are based around platinum and palladium, but these suffer from severe deactivation effects in the presence of water. The catalyst required also has significantly different attributes depending on whether or not there is an excess of oxygen (lean burn) or it is present in stoichiometric amounts. There is a desperate need for an effective catalyst for the exhaust gas after treatment from natural gas fueled vehicles. We have recently demonstrated improved catalysts for the lean burn engine operation, which may lead to improved commercial catalysts. However, these formulations will not be appropriate for stoichiometric operation, which seems to be the major trend for the automobile industry at present. The main objective of this project is the development of a stable methane oxidation catalyst that will function effectively, and for a sufficient length of time, to meet the requirements of a stoichiometric natural gas fueled engine. The primary objective is to develop a catalyst that is superior to the best catalysts currently available, regardless of precious metals loading, and the secondary objective is to develop catalysts with reduced amounts of precious metals to reduce the overall cost.

在日常生活的各个方面，催化无处不在。的确，没有催化，我们知道这是不可能的，地球上的生命是不可能的，允许合成氨的催化剂的发展是历史上最大的转折点之一。最近，我们困扰着许多环境问题，包括由温室气体排放引起的全球变暖。为了减少运输部门的温室气体，人们非常关注使用天然气作为一种燃料，目前富裕又便宜，并且具有生产很少的颗粒物的额外优势。与其他碳氢化合物燃料相比，它产生的每个能量单位的温室单位最少。但是，与所有其他天然气发动机一样，天然气发动机不会燃烧100％的燃料，因此排气流中可能存在大量甲烷。如果将它们散发到大气中，那么使用甲烷作为燃料的大部分GHG益处将丢失。自2016年以来，甲烷一直是一种受控的发射，而破坏甲烷的唯一方法是使用催化转化器。不幸的是，甲烷是催化燃烧的最困难的碳氢化合物，通常需要高温。可用的最佳催化剂基于铂和钯，但在水存在下它们会遭受严重的失活效应。所需的催化剂还具有显着不同的属性，具体取决于是否有过量的氧气（瘦燃烧）或以化学计量量存在。在天然气燃料车辆处理后，迫切需要有效的排气催化剂。最近，我们证明了瘦燃烧发动机操作的催化剂改进，这可能会改善商业催化剂。但是，这些配方将不适合化学计量操作，这似乎是目前汽车行业的主要趋势。该项目的主要目的是开发稳定的甲烷氧化催化剂，该催化剂将有效地发挥作用，并且在足够的时间内满足化学计量的天然气燃料燃料发动机的要求。主要目的是开发一种优于当前可用的最佳催化剂的催化剂，无论贵金属加载如何，次要目标是开发具有减少贵金属量的催化剂，以降低整体成本。