Evaluating the ecological and forestry impacts of even-aged vs uneven-aged management in a temperate deciduous forest

温带落叶林为加拿大人提供了许多社会经济利益。大多数加拿大人居住的这一生物群落正受到几次人为干扰。除了被道路，农业和人类居住地大大分散，它正在收获其高价值的糖枫，黄桦，红橡树，东部白松等两种类型的收获方法，甚至和不均匀的年龄造林，已在这个生物群系在过去的世纪，虽然不均匀的年龄的方法已在过去的15年首选。然而，还没有进行系统的研究来调查每种方法的主要生态和林业影响，并确定什么是更好的方法，以帮助这个生物群落更有抵抗力和弹性，更好地适应全球变化引起的许多威胁。Kenauk森林提供了一个独特的机会，调查这两种造林方法的影响，因为这两种方法在过去40年中都被用于整个森林。在这项研究中，我们将评估平均年龄的影响（交替带皆伐）与不均匀年龄（单棵树砍伐20 - 35%的覆盖率）自80年代以来进行的造林，a）地上和地下陆地和春季池生物多样性，B）春季池的水文学，c）森林动态和生产力，d）抗性，对全球变化威胁的复原力和适应性潜力。我们还将开发和测试针对森林管理人员的新型生物多样性和生产力监测工具。国家的最先进的林分和景观模拟模型将被用来提出一套造林的做法，在林分和景观规模实施，以减轻日益严重的环境威胁，由于全球变化的因素。为了实现这些目标，一个多学科的科学家团队将进行实地研究并使用模拟建模。

The temperate deciduous forests provide numerous socio-economic benefits to Canadians. This biome, where the majority of Canadians lives, is being subjected to several anthropogenic disturbances. In addition to being greatly fragmented by roads, agriculture and human habitations, it is being harvested for its high value sugar maple, yellow birch, red oak, eastern white pine, etc. Two types of harvesting approaches, even- and uneven-aged silviculture, have been used in this biome over the last century, although the uneven-aged approach has been preferred in the last 15 years. However, no systematic study has been done to investigate what are the main ecological and forestry impacts of each approach and to determine what could be a better approach to help this biome be more resistant and resilient and better adapted to the many threats induced by global change. The Kenauk forest provides an unique opportunity to investigate the impacts of both silvicultural approaches since both have been used over the whole forest in the last 40 years. In this study, we will evaluate the effects of even-aged (clearcutting in alternate strips) vs uneven-aged (single tree cutting of between 20 to 35% of the cover) silviculture done since the 80's on a) above- and below-ground terrestrial and vernal pool biodiversity, b) hydrology of vernal pools, c) forest dynamic and productivity, and d) the resistance, resilience and adaptability potential to global change threats. We will also develop and test novel biodiversity and productivity monitoring tools aimed for by forest managers. State-of-the-art stand and landscape simulation models will be used to propose a set of silvicultural practices to implement at both the stand and landscape scales to mitigate the increasing environmental threats due to global change factors. To achieve these objectives, a multi-disciplinary team of scientists will conduct field research and use simulation modeling.