Characterisation of genes that regulate centriole stability and ciliogenesis

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The chromosome segregation that occurs during most mitotic divisions is accomplished largely by forces generated by microtubules. In most cases these microtubules emanate from the centrosome-based microtubule organising centre. The centrosome is a complex structure that comprises a centriole pair surrounded by a proteinaceous nuage referred to as the pericentriolar material. At each mitotic cell division the centriole pair must split, duplicate and separate to opposing poles of the spindle in what is referred to as the centrosome cycle. However when cells cease their divisions to execute their terminal differentiation program the centrioles too must recognize this condition and accordingly arrest the centrosome cycle. Following the final division in mammalian epithelial cells the unduplicated centrioles present in the daughter cells undergo specific changes and migrate to the cell membrane where they will generate the primary cilium. These organelles are extensions of the cell membrane and can contribute to cell motility, mechanotransduction, while also playing a central role in cell signalling.