Transcriptional and epigenetic determinants of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Each cell type in every tissue of the body has a unique identity associated with its particular function. Whether it is a stem cell, neuron, muscle or skin cell, its unique identity is established by the expression of a unique set of genes. For some cells, however, their identity has considerable flexibility (plasticity) that allows them to change their shape and behavior as they respond to environmental cues. These transitions are normally context-specific, but there is growing evidence for certain commonalities among different cell types undergoing similar changes. A notable example is the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, or EMT.