Innate immune responses and IL-27: novel regulatory mechanisms of TLR7 expression and signaling

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Induction of innate immune responses is accomplished by specific cytokines which activate, recruit, and control differentiation of immune cells necessary for control of immune responses. Of the sentinel proteins found on innate immune cells, the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family of pattern recognition receptors binds to molecular patterns present on a variety of pathogens. One family member, TLR7, is responsible for recognizing single-stranded RNA, genetic information for many viruses. The molecular mechanisms induced by cytokines to control TLR7 expression and function during an innate immune response have not been fully elucidated.