Mechanistic insights into meiotic DNA double-strand break formation by Spo11: impact on genetic recombination and aneuploidy

Spo11 对减数分裂 DNA 双链断裂形成的机制见解：对遗传重组和非整倍性的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04551
• 负责人: Masson, JeanYves
• 金额: $ 2.77万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=629842
• 关键词: Mechanistic; insights; into; meiotic; DNA

Meiosis generates haploid gametes or spores in yeast. In meiotic prophase, homologous chromosomes synapse and undergo recombination. At this stage, chromosomes from each parent recombine at frequencies that are 100-1000 fold higher than in vegetative cells leading to gametes with different genetic signatures. The consequences of meiotic recombination are gene rearrangements, genetic diversity and proper chromosome segregation. This is of particular importance as failure to resolve chiasmata between homologs results in chromosome segregation defects such as non-disjunction (non-separation of chromosomes) and aneuploidy (defined as a cell having a wrong number of chromosomes).

在酵母中减数分裂产生单倍体配子或孢子。在减数分裂前期，同源染色体发生联会和重组。在这个阶段，来自每个亲本的染色体以比营养细胞高100-1000倍的频率重组，导致具有不同遗传特征的配子。减数分裂重组的结果是基因重排，遗传多样性和适当的染色体分离。这是特别重要的，因为不能解决同源物之间的交叉导致染色体分离缺陷，例如不分离（染色体不分离）和非整倍性（定义为具有错误数目的染色体的细胞）。