Energy sensing in skeletal muscle: focus on mitochondrial metabolic adaptation

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: Often referred to as the “powerhouses of the cell,” mitochondria have long been recognized as key producers of ATP, the cellular metabolic currency. In recent decades, however, mitochondria have increasingly been implicated in many additional cell processes, ranging from cellular calcium homeostasis to even cell death. In skeletal muscle, the energetic demands placed on the cell can fluctuate rapidly as an organism transitions between rest and exercise. Some of the purturbations in cellular redox state that occur in muscle with exercise are known to constitute a stimulus for acute alterations in mitochondrial function, as well as mitochondrial turnover and biogenesis.