High-level visual adaptation: exploring the neural representation of faces, words and objects

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Adaptation is a technique used in psychology to study how the brain represents visual elements and objects. This involves having a person study a visual object - the adapting stimulus - for a defined period of time, following which a test stimulus is shown. The adapting stimulus alters the perception of the test stimulus, an effect that is often attributed to fatigue or habituation of the neurons that were activated by the adapting stimulus. Thus, in the waterfall effect, watching a waterfall with continuous downward movement of water will habituate neurons that code for downward motion, and when the subject is then shown a stationary image, the imbalance between fatigued downward neurons and unaffected upward neurons will cause the stationary image to appear to be drifting upwards.