Chemical biology tools for studying carbohydrate processing enzymes

用于研究碳水化合物加工酶的化学生物学工具

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05426
• 负责人: Vocadlo, David
• 金额: $ 6.48万
• 依托单位: Simon Fraser University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=632768
• 关键词: Chemical; biology; tools; studying; carbohydrate

The modification of proteins with sugars is known as protein glycosylation and is a common modification of cellular proteins in all kingdoms of life. Glycosylation is particularly abundant in multicellular eukaryotes, where over half of all proteins are thought to be modified by sugars linked together for form what are known as glycans. The dedication of approximately 300 genes within the human genome to the regulation of glycoconjugates highlights the important roles played by these species. The enzymes responsible for building of glycoconjugates are glycosyltransferases and those that break them down are known as glycosidases. The importance of these enzymes rests in the roles they play in regulating the structures and abundance of glycoconjugates, which have been found to alter protein function, mediate molecular interactions, and alter the stability of proteins. Striking findings in the past few years have also shown that protein glycosylation acts directly to regulate signaling and transcription. Recently, the National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council (USA) identified the area of glycoscience as a promising and emerging area of research that merits significant investment.

用糖修饰蛋白质被称为蛋白质糖基化，并且是所有生命王国中细胞蛋白质的常见修饰。糖基化在多细胞真核生物中特别丰富，其中超过一半的蛋白质被认为是由连接在一起的糖修饰形成所谓的聚糖。人类基因组中约有300个基因参与糖缀合物的调控，这突出了这些物种所发挥的重要作用。负责构建糖缀合物的酶是糖基转移酶，并且那些分解它们的酶被称为糖苷酶。这些酶的重要性在于它们在调节糖缀合物的结构和丰度中所起的作用，已经发现糖缀合物改变蛋白质功能，介导分子相互作用，并改变蛋白质的稳定性。在过去几年中的惊人发现也表明，蛋白质糖基化直接调节信号传导和转录。最近，美国国家科学院和国家研究理事会（美国）将糖科学领域确定为值得大量投资的有前途的新兴研究领域。