Chemical biology tools for studying carbohydrate processing enzymes

用于研究碳水化合物加工酶的化学生物学工具

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05426
• 负责人: Vocadlo, David
• 金额: $ 6.48万
• 依托单位: Simon Fraser University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=613544
• 关键词: Chemical; biology; tools; studying; carbohydrate

The modification of proteins with sugars is known as protein glycosylation and is a common modification of cellular proteins in all kingdoms of life. Glycosylation is particularly abundant in multicellular eukaryotes, where over half of all proteins are thought to be modified by sugars linked together for form what are known as glycans. The dedication of approximately 300 genes within the human genome to the regulation of glycoconjugates highlights the important roles played by these species. The enzymes responsible for building of glycoconjugates are glycosyltransferases and those that break them down are known as glycosidases. The importance of these enzymes rests in the roles they play in regulating the structures and abundance of glycoconjugates, which have been found to alter protein function, mediate molecular interactions, and alter the stability of proteins. Striking findings in the past few years have also shown that protein glycosylation acts directly to regulate signaling and transcription. Recently, the National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council (USA) identified the area of glycoscience as a promising and emerging area of research that merits significant investment. Indeed, the field of protein glycosylation lags somewhat behind the study of other, more prominent, classes of biomolecules such as phosphorylation. Several reasons to account for this difference in progress have been made. Among the rationales proposed is that there is a limited repertoire of chemical tools available that can be used by the wider research community to study relevant glycans structures as well as the enzymes that process these species. To address this gap, a major thrust of our research program is directed toward developing chemical tools that will greatly facilitate research into understanding less appreciated and poorly understood forms of eukaryotic protein glycosylation. In this proposal we outlined a principally carbohydrate chemistry and enzymology-based program of research comprising three aims. We will create probes to monitor glycosidase and glycosyltransferase and to create inhibitors of these enzymes. The molecules resulting from these efforts will be validated in cells to identify those which are active in cells. The resulting new chemical tools will enable the field to improve our understanding of how the enzymes that regulate these glycan structures function within cells. The tools developed here should therefore help access knowledge that could help researchers in other fields develop new diagnostics or therapeutics.

用糖修饰蛋白质被称为蛋白质糖基化，并且是生命的所有王国中细胞蛋白的常见修饰。在多细胞真核生物中，糖基化特别丰富，其中所有蛋白质中有一半以上被认为是通过将糖链接在一起以形成形式的糖。人类基因组中大约300个基因对糖缀合物的调节的奉献突出了这些物种所起的重要作用。负责建立糖缀合物的酶是糖基转移酶，而糖基转移酶是糖基转移酶，被称为糖苷酶。这些酶的重要性取决于它们在调节糖缀合物的结构和丰度中所起的作用，这些糖缀合物已被发现会改变蛋白质功能，介导分子相互作用并改变蛋白质的稳定性。在过去的几年中，引人注目的发现还表明，蛋白质糖基化直接起作用来调节信号传导和转录。最近，美国国家科学与国家研究委员会（美国）确定了糖科学领域是值得大量投资的有前途和新兴的研究领域。 实际上，蛋白质糖基化的领域落后于对其他，更突出的生物分子（例如磷酸化）的研究。解决了这种进展差异的几个原因。在提出的理由中，有限的化学工具曲目有限，可以被更广泛的研究界用来研究相关的聚糖结构以及处理这些物种的酶。为了解决这一差距，我们的研究计划的一个重大作用是针对开发化学工具，这些化学工具将极大地促进研究不太理解和知识不足的真核蛋白质糖基化形式。在此提案中，我们概述了一个主要碳水化合物化学和基于酶学的研究计划，该计划包括三个目标。我们将创建探针来监测糖苷酶和糖基转移酶并创建这些酶的抑制剂。这些努力产生的分子将在细胞中验证，以识别细胞中活性的分子。由此产生的新化学工具将使该领域能够提高我们对调节这些聚糖结构在细胞中起作用的酶的理解。因此，这里开发的工具应有助于访问知识，以帮助其他领域的研究人员开发新的诊断或治疗剂。