A multi-scale approach for predicting river temperatures and habitats

预测河流温度和栖息地的多尺度方法

• 批准号: 184846-2011
• 负责人: Curry, Ranald
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=634154
• 关键词: multi; scale; approach; predicting; river

The pioneers of river sciences identified the complex interconnectedness of rivers, their valleys, and the plants and animals that make up these ecosystems. They predicted the future challenges for science and in particular, understanding the impacts of human activities on landscapes and consequences for rivers. Over the years, we studied rivers at small scales, but with the creation of geographical-information-systems, GIS, the computational ability exists to handle and analyze an overwhelming amount of landscape scale information generated from remote sensing via satellites and air craft. This has allowed us to begin to incorporate more complexity into studies of river ecosystems because we can expand the scale from sites to reaches to catchments to landscapes. This project examines how physical processes regulate the structure and function of coldwater river ecosystems. It examines how water temperature is regulated in rivers and how temperature controls the occurrence and distribution of brook trout and Atlantic salmon. The first objective is to develop models that predict river temperature based on the physical features of a site, the reach, and/or catchment. The second objective is to determine which special temperature areas represent the critical habitats for the fish. Finally, the project will build tools for planners and managers to predict the impacts on river ecosystems resulting from altering landscapes, e.g., landuse and human activities and our changing climate. The project is important for Canada because it is at the cutting edge of research advancing our understanding of the complex interconnectedness of physical and biological processes in rivers. Further, it immediately applies our new knowledge to improve our water and aquatic resources planning and management. It puts the new science in the hands of people making decisions every day about locating and protecting critical habitats, planning forestry operations, resource extraction, and agricultural and urban development to minimize impacts on rivers, and planning to adapt activities and policies in a changing climate.

河流科学的先驱们发现了河流、河谷以及构成这些生态系统的动植物之间复杂的相互联系。他们预测了未来科学面临的挑战，特别是理解人类活动对景观的影响以及对河流的影响。多年来，我们在小尺度上研究河流，但随着地理信息系统（GIS）的创建，计算能力已经存在，可以处理和分析通过卫星和飞机遥感产生的大量景观尺度信息。这使我们能够开始将更多的复杂性纳入河流生态系统的研究中，因为我们可以扩大范围，从地点到河段到集水区再到景观。本项目探讨物理过程如何调节冷水河生态系统的结构和功能。它研究了河流中的水温是如何调节的，以及温度是如何控制溪鳟和大西洋鲑鱼的发生和分布的。第一个目标是开发基于地点、河段和/或集水区的物理特征来预测河流温度的模型。第二个目标是确定哪些特殊温度区域代表鱼类的关键栖息地。最后，该项目将为规划人员和管理人员建立工具，以预测景观变化对河流生态系统的影响，例如土地利用、人类活动和气候变化。该项目对加拿大很重要，因为它处于研究的前沿，促进了我们对河流中物理和生物过程复杂相互联系的理解。此外，它立即应用我们的新知识，以改善我们的水和水生资源的规划和管理。它将新科学交到人们手中，帮助人们每天做出决定，确定和保护重要栖息地，规划林业作业、资源开采、农业和城市发展，以尽量减少对河流的影响，并规划适应气候变化的活动和政策。