Understanding the microstructural bonding mechanisms between Y-TZP and veneering ceramic

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Dental veneered zirconia-based core restorations have been used widely to date. The zirconia core is layered with a porcelain veneer material to achieve suitable esthetics. However, zirconia-based restorations can create clinical issues such as chipping or fracture of the porcelain veneered layer. Previous studies have reported a significant incidence of veneer failures such as delaminations, chipping and cracking. This fracture behavior could be attributed to the poor veneer/core interface bond strength, elastic modulus mismatch between the core material and the veneer, coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the core and the veneer, weak porcelain strength and thermal procedure which could introduce residual stress induced by cooling rate and/or sintering at high temperatures. To improve the compatibility at the interface between veneer and core, and to avoid premature failure, the interface zirconia/porcelain should be better understood.