Development of a simplified method for hydrodynamic pressures in wall corners and roof in liquid storage tanks

液体储罐（LST）用于储存饮用水，各种工业液体，如液化天然气（LNG），石油，石油，以及纸浆和纸制品废物以及其他工业废物的处理。储存的材料也可能是有毒或易燃的，因此在设计过程中，保持储罐的功能并防止它们在地震事件期间和之后受损是很重要的。目前，北美的设计规范采用简化的分析方法来设计这些储罐。然而，这种方法只适用于具有一定展弦比的贮箱，其中晃动波是线性的.对于出现非线性的储罐，该方法将失去其准确度。在设计情况下，可靠地预测顶部上的力和所需的干舷对于防止储罐失效是很重要的。以前的一些研究表明，由于液体在尖锐的tankcorners处的晃动而产生的动水压力可以高达其他位置的三倍。这种压力可能会对油箱造成严重损坏。在目前的项目中，部分填充罐和没有屋顶的地震振动台上激发。对于有顶的储罐，数据是通过压力传感器获得的，这些传感器放置在储罐上的不同位置，并收集压力数据，以找到每个传感器位置的相关压力。对于无顶贮箱，晃动高度是感兴趣的参数。模拟结果还以视频剪辑的形式记录下来，以便进一步研究自由表面。对于模拟，OpenFOAM，这是一个计算流体动力学（CFD）程序被用来产生激励。本文利用数值计算和实验研究的结果，提出了一种计算贮箱角部晃荡高度和顶板压力的简化方法。

Liquid Storage Tanks (LST's) are used for storage of drinking water, various industrial liquids such asLiquified Natural Gas (LNG), oil, petroleum, as well as in the treatment of pulp and paper product wastes aswell as other industrial wastes. The stored materials could also be toxic or flammable, so keeping the tanksfunctional and preventing them from damages during and after an earthquake event is important in the designprocess. Currently, simplified analytical methods are adopted by design codes in North America for the designof these tanks. However such methods are only acceptable in tanks with certain aspect ratios where sloshingwaves are linear. For tanks in which non-linearity occurs, the method loses its accuracy. In a design case,reliable prediction of the forces on the roof and required freeboard is important to prevent failure of the tanks.Some previous studies show that the hydrodynamic pressure due to the sloshing of the liquid at the sharp tankcorners can be up to three times higher compared to other locations. This pressure can cause significant damageto the tanks. In the current project, partially filled tanks with and without a roof are excited on a seismicshaking table. For tanks with a roof, the data is obtained through pressure sensors that are placed at variouslocations on the tank and collecting the pressure data to find the associated pressures at each senor location. Forroofless tanks, the sloshing height is the parameter of interest. The simulations are also recorded in the form ofvideo clips for further investigation of the free surface. For the simulations, the OpenFOAM which is aComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) program is used to generate excitations. The results of numerical andexperimental study are used to develop a simplified procedure to calculate the sloshing heights and roofpressures near the tank corners.